脊椎动物回声定位发声和听觉机制研究进展  

Advances in vocalizating and hearing mechanisms of echolocation in vertebrate

作　　者：刘奇 施鹏[1] Qi Liu;Peng Shi(National Key Laboratory of Genetics and Evolution,Kunming Institute of Zoologe,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650223,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院昆明动物研究所,遗传资源与进化国家重点实验室,昆明650223

出　　处：《遗传》2025年第2期237-257,共21页Hereditas(Beijing)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:32300357)资助。

摘　　要：回声定位是一个由多个系统协作的、高度特化的复杂生物性状,它的起源最早可以追溯到6,800万年前,并在随后的生物演化历程中反复出现在多个脊椎动物类群中,表现出强劲的生命力并成为自然界中性状趋同演化的典型案例。然而,直到20世纪初人类才真正揭开动物回声定位研究的序幕,成为动物学、行为学、遗传学等领域的研究热点,并在过去的80多年间取得了丰硕的成果。本文回顾了动物回声定位研究的发展历史,概述了不同回声定位动物类群,重点阐述了回声定位在发声机制、声学特征和高频听力机制方面的研究进展,以期为全面了解动物回声定位提供参考。Echolocation is a complex biological traits that collaborated by multiple systems.Its origin can be traced back to 68 million years ago,and repeatedly appeared in multiple vertebrate groups in the subsequent biological evolution.The strong vitality has become a typical case of the convergence evolution in nature.However,it was not until the beginning of the 20th century that humans really opened the prelude to the research on animal echolocation,and became research hotspots in the fields of zoology,behavior,and genetics,and achieved rich results in the past 80 years.In this review,we summarize the development history of animal echo positioning,summarize different echo positioning animal groups in detail,and focuse on the research progress of echo positioning in sound mechanisms,acoustic characteristics,and high-frequency listening mechanisms in order to provide reference for comprehensive understanding of animal echo positioning.

关 键 词：脊椎动物 回声定位 发声机制 声学特征 高频听力 

分 类 号：Q437[生物学—生理学]