基于响应面法的桥式起重机主梁多目标遗传优化设计  

Multi-objective genetic optimization design of bridge crane main beam based on response surface method

作　　者：宁欣[1] 朱志华 商少茹 石天际 秦梦瑶 葛明媚 NING Xin;ZHU Zhihua;SHANG Shaoru;SHI Tianji;QIN Mengyao;GE Mingmei(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Henan Institute of Science and Technology,Xinxiang 453003,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技学院机电学院,新乡453003

出　　处：《河南科技学院学报(自然科学版)》2025年第1期66-78,共13页Journal of Henan Institute of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：河南省科技攻关(202102210280,232102220037);河南省高等学校重点科研项目(20B460008);河南省2024年本科高校大学生创新创业训练项目。

摘　　要：目的为了适应市场发展需求,进一步提高桥式起重机的结构性能,降低成本,保障安全.方法以32/5 t-10.5 m型双梁桥式起重机为研究对象,对起重机主梁结构进行力学分析和轻量化研究.分析主梁在多种极限状态下运行工况的受载状况,找出危险节点,确定疲劳寿命循环对应的应力分布,以应力为约束目标进行结构的拓扑优化,并进行强度分析和动态特性分析,获得主梁的最优结构参数,构建主梁响应面近似模型,利用多目标遗传算法对主梁左右腹板进行联合厚度优化.对优化前后的强度、刚度、质量等进行对比分析.结果在满足强度和刚度的条件下,优化后的主梁质量下降了19.8%.结论解决了起重机主梁材料浪费、结构笨重的实际问题,提高了起重机产品的经济性,为起重机产品的轻量化设计提供技术参考.Objective This study aims to address the evolving market demands by enhancing the structural performance,reducing costs,and ensuring the safety of bridge cranes.Methods It focuses on the 32/5 t-10.5 m double-girder bridge crane model,a product of a small and medium-sized enterprise in Henan Province,China.A comprehensive mechanical analysis and lightweight design study were conducted on the crane’s main beam structure.The loading conditions of the main beam under various limit states and operational scenarios were analyzed to identify critical failure points and determine the stress distribution corresponding to fatigue life cycles.The structure was optimized using stress as a constraint,followed by strength and dynamic characteristic analyses to determine the optimal structural parameters of the main beam.A response surface approximation model for the main beam was developed,and a multi-objective genetic algorithm was employed to simultaneously optimize the thickness of the left and right flanges.Results The optimization resulted in a comparative analysis revealing improvements in strength,stiffness,and a significant 19.8%reduction in mass,leading to a simplified structure,reduced weight,and lower manufacturing costs.Conclusion This solution effectively addresses the issues of material waste and structural heaviness in the crane’s main beam,enhances the economic performance of crane products,and provides technical guidance for the lightweight design of crane structures.

关 键 词：桥式起重机主梁 拓扑优化 S-N曲线 多目标遗传优化 

分 类 号：TH215[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]