少数民族流动人口城市就业融入研究——以贵阳市为例  

An Exploration of Urban Migrant Ethnic Minority Populations'Employment Integration:A Case Study of Guiyang City

作　　者：张福娇 杜社会[1] Zhang Fujiao;Du Shehui(Guizhou Minzu University,Guiyang,550001,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州民族大学,贵州贵阳550001

出　　处：《民族学刊》2024年第8期103-112,162,共11页Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“民族地区资源开发中的少数民族就业权保障研究”(18BMZ136)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：少数民族流动人口就业与其城市融入有着密切关系,就业关联着城市融入的多项指标,就业融入已成为少数民族流动人口城市融入的基本路径依赖。贵阳市少数民族流动人口就业融入调查表明:在空间融入维度,形成了以就业为中心的“撒珠式”居住格局和良好的交往空间、文化空间;在经济融入维度,就业能力、就业竞争力整体偏弱,就业结构欠优化,经济融入程度不高,经济融入动能不足;在社会(网络)融入维度,基于就业的新的社会关系和社会交往形成,社会关系和社会资本得以优化;在文化和心理融入维度,少数民族流动人口对城市文化认同、心理认可度较高,总体的城市居留意愿较强,但客观上仍受制于户籍管理的制度性障碍和子女难以入学等具体困难。在当前人口大流动、大融居为特征的背景下,应从打造有利于少数民族流动人口就业融入的文化氛围和交往空间;创新促进少数民族流动人口城市就业信息供给及服务模式;完善政策支持与法治制度保障,以此助力少数民族流动人口的就业融入。Previous studies have highlighted the multidimensional nature of the integration of ethnic minority migrants into urban areas,encompassing economic,social,cultural,and psychological aspects.This article argues that employment in cities serves as the pivotal link and basic premise for integration across all these dimensions.That is,it firmly believes that without employment,there will be no integration,suggesting that the process of landing jobs itself constitutes a form of integration.Consequently,employment integration could be regarded as a basic pathway for the urban integration of ethnic minority migrants.This study conducted an empirical investigation into the employment integration of ethnic migrants in Guiyang City in 2023,leading to the following results.In terms of spatial integration,an employment-centered living pattern characterized by a"loose-pearl style"or"scattered"arrangement has emerged,accompanied by effective communication and cultural spaces.Notably,there is no evidence of residential segregation in the form of"villages within cities."Regarding economic integration,the overall employment ability and competitiveness of ethnic minority migrants are relatively low.In terms of economic integration,the overall employment ability and competitiveness of ethnic minority migrants has been relatively weak.Therefore,it is recommended to optimize the employment structure because the overall level of economic integration generally remains low,posing challenges for their integration into the mainstream economic circle.Consequently,their potential for deep integration is insufficient.Concerning social relationship integration,a new and optimized network of social connections and interactions centered around employment has been formed,leading to establishing a social model or community that is well-suited to urban society.Regarding cultural and psychological integration,ethnic migrants display a high level of urban cultural identity and psychological acceptance,demonstrating a strong overall willingness to re

关 键 词：少数民族流动人口 城市融入 就业融入 基本路径 

分 类 号：C956[社会学—民族学]