隔板竖缝式鱼道池室水流条件模型试验研究  

Experimental Study on Water Flow Pattern of Vertical Slot Fishway Pool

作　　者：郭超[1] 赵凯[2] 刘菁 胡彧元 GUO Chao;ZHAO Kai;LIU Jing;HU Yu-yuan(Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,Key Laboratory of Navigation Structure Construction Technology,Ministry of Transport,PRC,Nanjing 210029,Jiangsu Province,China;CCCC Water Transportation Consultants Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100007,China)

机构地区：[1]南京水利科学研究院,通航建筑物建设技术交通行业重点实验室,江苏南京210029 [2]中交水运规划设计院有限公司,北京100007

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2025年第2期25-30,共6页China Rural Water and Hydropower

摘　　要：鱼道能够帮助洄游鱼类上下行通过大坝等障碍物,顺利到达繁殖地、索饵场等,完成鱼类生殖洄游过程。隔板竖缝式鱼道是国内常见的鱼道形式,依托了某航运枢纽工程隔板竖缝式鱼道进行了该类型鱼道池室水流条件模型试验研究。该鱼道最大设计运行水头6.8 m,主要过鱼对象为四大家鱼。鱼道设计流速为0.8~1.0 m/s。鱼道普通池长3.6m,净宽3.0 m,隔板竖缝宽度0.45 m,采用“L”型隔板型式。直段休息池长度增加为9.0 m,鱼道宽度及隔板型式不变。普通池室纵坡为1∶80,休息池纵坡为0。鱼道池室设计水深为2.0 m。通过建立1∶5的大比尺鱼道局部水工物理模型,采用旋桨流速仪对不同布置方案下的鱼道竖缝流速进行了测量,采用ADV(多普勒流速仪)和PIV(粒子图像测速仪)等多种流速测量技术手段,对不同布置方案下的鱼道池室内水流流速及流态进行了分析。物理模型中悬桨流速仪实测鱼道隔板竖缝最大流速为0.95 m/s,小于本鱼道最大设计流速,实测鱼道最大流量为0.69 m^(3)/s。ADV和PIV实测池室内最大流速值位于隔板竖缝主流中心,约为0.94 m/s。池室竖缝出流流向明确,竖缝出口附近最大流速约为0.6 m/s,水流主流在池室内成相对较缓的“S”形流线。上溯鱼类通过竖缝进入池室后,有明确的水流引导鱼类沿主流进入池室左侧进行休息调整。在已建立的1∶5的鱼道局部物理模型上进行放鱼试验,观察到鱼类在池室内顶着主流方向以冲刺的方式向上游动通过竖缝。当鱼类上溯疲劳时,停留在休息池隔板下游侧的低流速回流区进行休息,整体而言上溯过程顺利,说明在现布置条件下,鱼道池室和竖缝尺寸、普通池室和休息池底坡的设计合理。Fishways can help migratory fish go up and down through dams and other obstacles to reach breeding grounds and feeding grounds,and complete the process of fish reproduction and migration.The vertical slot fishway is a common form of fishway in China.In this paper,the model test of the flow condition of the vertical slot fishway in a navigation hub project is carried out.The maximum design operating water head of the fishway is 6.8 m,and the main fishes passing through the fishway are the four major Chinese carps.The design flow rate of the fishway is 0.8~1.0 m/s.The fishway common pool features 3.6 m length,3.0 m width and 0.45 m vertical slot width,and adopts“L”type partition board.The length of the straight resting pool is increased to 9.0 m,and the fishway width and partition type remain unchanged.The longitudinal slope of common fishway pool is 1∶80,and the longitudinal slope of resting pool is 0.The design water depth of the fishway pool is 2.0 m.This paper establishes a 1∶5 large-scale hydraulic physical model of fishway.It adopts suspended propeller current meter to measure the water flow velocity of vertical slot in fishway pool under different layout schemes,and adopts ADV(Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter)and PIV(Particle Image Velocimetry)technologies to analyze the water flow velocity and flow pattern in fishway pool under different layout schemes.In the physical model,the maximum vertical slot flow velocity measured by the suspended propeller current meter is 0.95 m/s,which is lower than the maximum designed flow velocity of the fishway,and the measured maximum flow rate of the fishway is 0.69 m^(3)/s.The measured maximum flow velocity values of ADV and PIV were both located in the mainstream center of the vertical slot of the fish pool,and were about 0.94 m/s.The flow direction from the vertical slot of the fish pool is clear,and the maximum flow velocity near the vertical slot outlet is about 0.6 m/s,and the main flow stream in the fish pool forms a relatively slow“S”shape flow line.After th

关 键 词：鱼道 隔板竖缝式 池室 物理模型试验 水流流态 

分 类 号：TV131.4[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]