土壤样品中微塑料的分离和测定方法进展  

Progress on Methods for Separation and Determination of Microplastics in Soil

作　　者：段冰冰 杨佳佳 王琳[1,2,3] DUAN Bingbing;YANG Jiajia;WANG Lin(College of Geography and Environmental,Henan University,Kaifeng,Henan 475000,China;Miami College,Henan University,Kaifeng,Henan 475000,China;Henan Key Laboratory of Earth System Observation and Modeling,Henan University,Kaifeng,Henan 475000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南大学,地理与环境学院,河南开封475000 [2]河南大学,迈阿密学院,河南开封475000 [3]河南大学,河南省地球系统观测与模拟重点实验室,河南开封475000

出　　处：《塑料》2025年第1期181-188,共8页Plastics

基　　金：河南大学创新创业训练计划(20211038002,202310475148)。

摘　　要：土壤微塑料会改变土壤结构,影响土壤生物酶活性,减少生物多样性等,甚至微塑料会沿着食物链对人类健康造成威胁。目前的研究均集中在水体研究,土壤中微塑料的提取方法是由水体各种介质提取方法演变得到的,没有标准化的提取和定量方法,无法比较研究数据。全面总结了近年来土壤中微塑料的提取和测定方法。与其他化学消解剂相比,30%H_(2)O_(2)和芬顿试剂有较大的发展潜能,控制消解温度能避免对聚合物的破坏。荧光尼罗红染色能避免直接显微镜观察所带来的视觉误差,发出荧光的碎片已被证明为合成的聚合物,与化学分析法相比,该方法更快速且较便宜,但是,对聚合物类型的分辨识别较差。目前,需建立准确、高效的土壤微塑料提取方法,对微塑料在土壤中迁移、转化及其风险评估进行进一步研究,为评估和管理微塑料污染提供技术支持。The presence of microplastics in soil can alter its structure,impact soil enzymatic activity,reduce biodiversity,and even pose a threat to human health through the food chain.Despite the growing concerns,most of the research has focused on microplastics in water bodies.The methods used for extracting microplastics from soil have evolved from those used in water bodies.While various extraction and quantification methods have been proposed and improved,there is still a lack of standardized protocols,which hinders the effectiveness of comparing research data.Therefore,this review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of recent advances in the extraction and determination methods of microplastics in soil.Compared to other chemical solvents,30%H_(2)O_(2)and Fenton's reagent show great potential in the digestion process,as controlling the digestion temperature can avoid damage to polymers.Nile red fluorescence staining can eliminate visual errors associated with direct microscopic observation,and the fluorescent fragments have been proven to be synthetic polymers.This method is faster and more cost-effective compared to chemical analysis;however,it still faces challenges in accurately distinguishing and identifying different types of polymers.Currently,there is an urgent need to establish accurate and efficient methods for extracting microplastics from soil.This will enable further research on the migration,transformation,and risk assessment of microplastics in soil,providing technical support for the evaluation and management of microplastic pollution.

关 键 词：土壤 微塑料 分离提取 土壤有机质 消解 

分 类 号：TQ322[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]