大型引调水工程对寒区冰封水库热状态影响研究  

Study on the Influence of Large-scale Water Diversion Projects on the Thermal State of Ice-covered Reservoirs in Cold Regions

作　　者：姜来 周武 吴宇雷 黄滨 脱友才[3] JIANG Lai;ZHOU Wu;WU Yulei;HUANG Bin;TUO Youcai(PowerChina Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited,Hangzhou 310014,China;China Renewable Energy Engineering Institute,Beijing 100120,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China)

机构地区：[1]中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司,浙江杭州310014 [2]水电水利规划设计总院,北京100120 [3]四川大学山区河流保护与治理全国重点实验室,四川成都610065

出　　处：《环境影响评价》2025年第1期49-55,共7页Environmental Impact Assessment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51309169)。

摘　　要：辽宁省抚顺市大伙房水库是寒区季节性冰封水库。为探究拟建大型引调水工程对大伙房水库水温分布和冰情的影响,本研究采用立面二维水温冰情模型对水库垂向水温分层结构、冰情变化和下泄水温进行研究,并分析分层取水措施对水库下泄水温的改善成效。结果表明:(1)受水库特性和寒区气候特征影响,引调水工程实施后,水库库区垂向水温仍呈现季节性分层特征,12月至次年3月为结冰期,垂向水温为逆温结构,夏季水温分层现象较强,最大垂向温差可达11.9℃,其他月份垂向水体趋于同温。(2)受气象条件与入流水温的影响,工程实施前后水库库区均存在结冰现象,但工程实施后的初冰时间较实施前提前至12月上旬,库区结冰期也延长至101 d,最大冰厚增大至0.51 m。(3)引调水工程实施后在升温期存在下泄低温水的现象,采取分层取水措施后,下泄低水温的改善效果显著,其中4—7月下泄水温提高0.4~3.4℃,平均提高2.0℃,最大提高3.4℃。Dahuofang Reservoir in Fushun City,Liaoning Province is a seasonal icebound reservoir in the cold region.In order to explore the influence of the proposed large-scale water diversion project on the water temperature distribution and ice in the reservoir,the vertical water temperature stratification structure,ice regime changes and the discharged water temperature of the reservoir were studied by using a two-dimensional water temperature and ice regime model in the vertical plane,and the improvement effect of the operation of the layered water intake facilities on the discharge water temperature was explored.The results show that∶(1)Influenced by the characteristics of the reservoir and the climate in cold regions,the vertical water temperature in the reservoir area still exhibits seasonal stratification after the implementation of the water diversion project.The ice period lasts from December to March of the following year,the vertical water temperature is an inversion structure.In summer,the phenomenon of water temperature stratification is strong,and the maximum vertical temperature difference can reach 11.9℃,the vertical water body tends to be the same temperature in other months of the year.(2)Affected by the weather and the temperature of the inflowing water,however,after the implementation of the project,the initial ice formation time was advanced to the early December compared with that before the implementation,and the ice period in the reservoir area was also extended to 101 days,the maximum ice thickness increased,and the maximum ice thickness could reach 0.51 m.(3) After the implementation of the water diversion project,the phenomenon of discharging low-temperature water occurred during the warming period.After the adoption of stratified water intake measures,the improvement effect on the discharged low-temperature water was remarkable.From April to July,the discharged water temperature increased by 0.4°C to 3.4°C,with an average increase of 2.0°C and a maximum increase of 3.4°C.

关 键 词：冰封水库 寒区 水温 冰情 水温分层 

分 类 号：TV741[水利工程—水利水电工程]