阿坝甲扎尔甲石窟所在区域的民俗调查与分析  

Investigation and Analysis of Folklore in the Vicinity of the Jiazha Erjia Grottoes

作　　者：仁青卓玛[1] 雷玉华 陈学志 李勤学 Renqing Zhuoma;Lei Yuhua;Chen Xuezhi;Li Qinxue(Minzu Museum,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu,610041,Sichuan,China;Aba Prefectural Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology,Aba,624099,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]西南民族大学民族博物馆,四川成都610041 [2]阿坝州文物考古研究所,四川马尔康624099

出　　处：《民族学刊》2024年第9期141-148,162,共9页Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：2024年四川省哲学社会科学基金“古蜀文明与冷门绝学研究”重大专项“川渝石窟起源及演进研究”(SCJJ24ZD85)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：藏羌彝走廊上的甲扎尔甲石窟位于阿坝州白湾乡大石凼村,所在位置系重要建设项目双江口水电站取土及淹没区。为配合国家基础设施建设,相关部门在制定石窟所在区域居民搬迁方案的过程中,对石窟的历史、价值开展了深入调查与研究。甲扎尔甲石窟是一座崖壁和地面经人工局部修整的天然岩洞,经考古调查确定石窟年代为明末清初,窟内主要壁画绘于清代,石窟的修建主要与清代宁玛派在这一地区传播有关。为全面、系统了解全国重点文物保护单位甲扎尔甲洞窟的文化价值,阐释其中蕴含的中华民族交往交流交融的深刻内涵,我们对甲扎尔甲石窟所在区域进行了民俗学调查,具体调查内容包括生产方式、文化与信仰。一方面,能为搬迁方案提供现实可靠的决策咨询,另一方面,有助于摸清文物家底,细致了解文物保存的现状及其周边的自然与人文环境状况,准确判断甲扎尔甲石窟的保护形势,科学提出甲扎尔甲石窟的保护政策和规划。The Jiazha Erjia Grottoes represent a natural cave structure that has been simply and partially renovated by artificial means on its walls and ground.At the entrance,a platform is formed by the natural collapse of the cliff,upon which four modern stupas are situated.The surfaces of these stupas and the partition walls within the cave are adorned with murals.These grottoes are loca-ted in Dashidang village,Baiwan township,Maerkang city,Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autono-mous Prefecture.To ensure the effective protection and preservation of the cultural value of the Jiazha-erja Grottoes in conjunction with national infra-structure development,this study investigated and analyzed the history and value of these Grottoes as well as the folklore of the surrounding Tibetan-dominated area,with a particular emphasis on re-porting local folklore.Firstly,this investigation has found that in this region cash crops constitute the principal agri-cultural produce;moreover,animal husbandry mainly involves natural grazing of cattle;and the collection of wild medicinal herbs serves as the main sideline activity.In addition,a detailed in-vestigation of the culture and beliefs in the area al-so has been conducted,covering aspects such as cuisine,language,residential architecture,cloth-ing and ornaments,festivals,ceremonies,beliefs,and taboos.The purpose of this paper is to com-prehensively depict the cultural and spiritual be-liefs of the Tibetan residents in this area.Findings show that regarding food,the traditional ingredi-ents include barley,wheat,butter,milk dregs,buckwheat,and potatoes.In terms of language,the Jiarong Tibetan language belongs to the Tibet-an-Burmese language branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family,and its dialects are mainly spread around the“Situ”area(historically ruled the by Four Tusi),so it being historically known as the“official dialect of the Four Tusi”or the“dialect of the Four Tusi”.What is more,the residential architecture of Dashidang village follows the unique tradition of“building house

关 键 词：文物保护 白湾乡大石凼村 甲扎尔甲石窟 民俗调查 

分 类 号：C953[社会学—民族学]