变压器局部放电监测用压电传感器的压电材料特性及器件尺寸对灵敏度的影响研究  

Research on Influence of Piezoelectric Material Properties and Element Size on Sensitivity of Piezoelectric Sensor for Partial Discharge Monitoring of Transformer

作　　者：王妍 陈川 朱佳怡 刘泳斌 高景晖 WANG Yan;CHEN Chuan;ZHU Jiayi;LIU Yongbin;GAO Jinghui(Department of Electric Power Sensing Technology,Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 102209,China;State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China)

机构地区：[1]全球能源互联网研究院有限公司电力传感技术研究所,北京102209 [2]西安交通大学电力设备电气绝缘国家重点实验室,西安710049

出　　处：《高压电器》2025年第2期63-72,共10页High Voltage Apparatus

基　　金：国家电网有限公司总部管理科技项目(5500-202058320A-0-0-00);国家电网有限公司总部管理科技项目《压电超声波局放检测技术的频带调控机理及声电转换灵敏度提升研究》(项目号5500-202058320A-0-0-00)资助

摘　　要：针对核心传感元件为压电陶瓷圆柱的接触式压电超声传感器,研究了其压电材料特性及器件尺寸对声电转换灵敏度的影响。基于多物理场有限元仿真建立了压电超声传感器模型,计算分析了压电材料特性参数和传感器结构参数变化对传感器在变压器局部放电超声频率范围内声电转换灵敏度和谐振频率的影响,提出了提升声电转换灵敏度的压电传感器结构的设计方法。仿真结果表明,在20~250 kHz频率范围内,压电材料选取PZT-2、直径取6 mm、厚度取12 mm时灵敏度性能最高。在选择传感器的压电材料时,应先选择压电常数d33大的压电材料,再通过对材料进行改性,改变材料的短路弹性顺度常数sE 13和sE 33,实现对传感器谐振频率的调节。最后,对该结构优化的仿真结果进行了实验验证,实验结果与仿真结果相吻合。Aiming at the contact piezoelectric ultrasonic sensor with the core sensing element of piezoelectric ceramic cylinder,the influence of piezoelectric material properties and size of element on the sensitivity of acoustoelectric conversion is studied.Based on physical field finite element simulation,the model of piezoelectric ultrasonic sensor is set up.Then,influence of the piezoelectric material characteristic parameters and the sensor structure parameters on the sensor acoustoelectric conversion sensitivity and resonant frequency in the frequency range of partial discharge of transformer is analyzed.And the design method to improve acoustoelectric conversion sensitivity of the sensor is proposed.The simulation results show that within the frequency range of 20-250 kHz,the sensitivity is maximum with selection of piezoelectric material of PZT-2,diameter of 6 mm and thickness of 12 mm.When selecting the piezoelectric material of the sensor,the piezoelectric material with large constant d33 shall be selected firstly,and short circuit elastic compliance constant sE 13 and sE 33 of the material are modified through performance improvement so to achieve adjustment of the resonant frequency of the sensor.Finally,the simulation results of the structure optimization are verified by experiments,and the experimental results and the simulation results are in agreement.

关 键 词：局部放电 超声波 压电传感器 结构设计 灵敏度 有限元分析 

分 类 号：TM855[电气工程—高电压与绝缘技术]