冰雪积聚对太阳能电池板发电功率的影响研究  

Study on Influence of Snow and Ice Accumulation on Power Generation Efficiency of Solar Panel

作　　者：朱永灿[1] 杨暑森 田毅[1] 纪超 胡杰 高梧 ZHU Yongcan;YANG Shusen;TIAN Yi;JI Chao;HU Jie;GAO Wu(School of Electronics and Information,Xi’an Polytechnic University,Xi’an 710048,China)

机构地区：[1]西安工程大学电子信息学院,西安710048

出　　处：《高压电器》2025年第2期197-203,共7页High Voltage Apparatus

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划项目(2021GY-306);陕西省教育厅科研计划项目(20JK0663);西安市科技计划项目(2019217114GXRC007CG008-GXYD7.12)。

摘　　要：覆冰雪是影响光伏电站冬季运行的主要因素之一,研究冰雪积聚对光伏组件发电功率的影响可对冬季光伏电站发电预测及人工除冰提供有效支撑。为此,首先设计人工覆冰雪实验平台,进行辐照度对覆冰雪组件的影响研究,发现在200~1000 W·m^(-2)辐照度范围内,轻度覆冰雪后的光伏组件发电功率与辐照度仍基本呈正比例关系。随后,开展了不同冰雪密度实验,发现雪层的密度越高,造成的发电损耗越大,但高密度的雨凇覆冰透光性强,组件发电功率高于等厚度的雪层和雾凇层。最后,通过覆冰雪厚度与光伏组件发电功率的关系研究发现,发电功率与覆冰雪厚度基本成反比,当覆冰厚度达到6 cm时,雨凇覆冰造成的光伏组件的发电损耗已达到93%,冰雪混合物、半融冰雪造成的发电损耗均达到99%,光伏组件基本无发电能力。Snow and ice coating is one of the main factors affecting the operation of PV plants in winter,and studying the influence of snow and ice accumulation on the power generation of PV modules can effectively support the power generation prediction and manual de-icing of PV plants in winter.Therefore,the artificial snow and ice coating experimental platform is firstly designed and the study on influence of irradiance on snow and ice coating modules is performed.It is found that in the range of 200-1000 W·m^(-2) irradiance,the generation power of PV modules with light ice and snowing coating is still basically proportional to the irradiance.Then,the experiments with different snow and ice densities are performed,finding that the higher the density of the snow layer,the greater the power generation loss caused,but the high density of freezing rain ice overlays with strong light transmission,the generation power of photovoltaic module is higher than that of snow and fog layers of equal thickness.Finally,it is found through studying the relationship between snow and ice coating thickness and generation power of the power generation of the photovoltaic module that the generation power is basically inversely proportional to the snow and ice coating thickness.When the ice coating thickness is up to 6 cm,the generation loss of the photovoltaic module due to rain freeze and ice coating has reached 93% and that due to ice and snow mixture and half melting snow and ice has reached 99%,and the photovoltaic module has basically no power generation ability.

关 键 词：光伏发电 发电功率 覆冰雪 辐照强度 覆冰密度 

分 类 号：TM615[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]