基于互质阵列冗余分析的稀疏阵列设计方法  

Sparse Array Design Methods via Redundancy Analysis of Coprime Array

作　　者：张宇乐 周豪[2] 胡国平[2] 师俊朋 郑桂妹[2] 宋玉伟 ZHANG Yule;ZHOU Hao;HU Guoping;SHI Junpeng;ZHENG Guimei;SONG Yuwei(Graduate College,Air Force Engineering University,Xi’an 710051,China;Air and Missile Defense College,Air Force Engineering University,Xi’an 710051,China;College of Electronic Engineering,National University of Defense Technology,Hefei 230037,China)

机构地区：[1]空军工程大学研究生院,西安710051 [2]空军工程大学防空反导学院,西安710051 [3]国防科技大学电子对抗学院,合肥230037

出　　处：《电子与信息学报》2025年第1期178-187,共10页Journal of Electronics & Information Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(62071476);中国博士后科学基金(2022M723879)。

摘　　要：互质阵列因具有较低的互耦效应而备受关注,但交替部署的子阵却在一定程度上限制了连续自由度的提升。针对上述问题,该文在分析子阵互差集中冗余虚拟阵元产生条件的基础上,提出了两种子阵移位互质阵列(Coprime Array with Translated Subarray,CATrS),以改善自由度性能。首先,将子阵平移至适当位置以优化布阵结构,并分析了子阵的平移距离。随后,推导了CATrS结构的自由度、连续自由度、孔洞位置和虚拟阵元权重的闭合表达式。理论分析表明,CATrS结构能够在保持物理阵元数量不变的条件下,有效增加自由度和连续自由度,并抑制阵元互耦。最后,利用仿真实验验证了CATrS结构在波达方向估计中的优越性。Objective Sensor arrays are widely used to capture the spatio-temporal information of incident signal sources,with their configurations significantly affecting the accuracy of Direction Of Arrival(DOA)estimation.The Degrees Of Freedom(DOF)of conventional Uniform Linear Array(ULA)are limited by the number of physical sensors,and dense array deployments lead to severe mutual coupling effects.Emerging sparse arrays offer clear advantages by reducing hardware requirements,increasing DOF,mitigating mutual coupling,and minimizing system redundancy through flexible sensor deployment,making them a viable solution for high-precision DOA estimation.Among various sparse array designs,the Coprime Array(CA)—consisting of two sparse ULAs with coprime inter-element spacing and sensor counts—has attracted considerable attention due to its reduced mutual coupling effects.However,the alternately deployed subarrays result in a much lower number of Continuous Degrees Of Freedom(cDOF)than anticipated,which degrades the performance of subspace-based DOA estimation algorithms that rely on spatial smoothing techniques.Although many studies have explored array configuration optimization and algorithm design,real-time application demands indicate that optimizing array configurations is the most efficient approach to improve DOA estimation performance.Methods This study examines the weight functions of CA and identifies a significant number of redundant virtual array elements in the difference coarray.Specifically,all virtual array elements in the difference coarray exhibit weight functions of two or more,a key factor reducing the available cDOF and DOF.To address this deficiency,the conditions for generating redundant virtual array elements in the cross-difference sets of subarrays are analyzed,and two types of coprime arrays with translated subarrays,namely,CATrS-I and CATrS-II are devised.These designs aim to increase available cDOF and DOF and enhance DOA estimation performance.Firstly,without altering the number of physical sensor

关 键 词：波达方向估计 子阵移位互质阵列 自由度 互耦 

分 类 号：TN911.7[电子电信—通信与信息系统]