不同部位低温处理对雷竹笋芽休眠解除的影响  

Effect of low temperature treatment of different parts on dormancy release of Phyllostachys violascens shoots

作　　者：王文辉 和武宇恒 徐子骞 何锦琦 桂仁意[1] 邓世鑫 WANG Wenhui;HE Wuyuheng;XU Ziqian;HE Jinqi;GUI Renyi;DENG Shixin(Bamboo Research Institute/State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学省部共建亚热带森林培育国家重点实验室/竹子研究院,浙江杭州311300

出　　处：《浙江农林大学学报》2025年第1期112-123,共12页Journal of Zhejiang A&F University

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金资助项目(LQ24C160008;LTGC23C160002);浙江农林大学科研发展基金项目(2022LFR010)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨不同部位低温处理对雷竹Phyllostachys violascens笋芽休眠的影响,揭示笋芽休眠解除的生物学机制及感应低温的主要部位。【方法】以2年生雷竹盆栽苗为研究对象,分别于2021和2022年10月至翌年3月设置T1 (地上、地下部分18℃),T2 (地上部分18℃,地下部分自然低温),T3 (地上部分自然低温,地下部分18℃),T4 (地上、地下部分自然低温)共4种温度处理。观测笋芽母竹之间的维管束连接状态、淀粉和蛋白质分布及笋芽细胞的增殖情况,测定笋芽的可溶性糖、淀粉、脱落酸、赤霉素质量分数和抗氧化酶活性,明确不同部位的低温处理对雷竹笋芽休眠解除的影响。【结果】在雷竹笋芽休眠解除过程中,与T1处理相比,T2、T3和T4处理显著增加了笋芽的可溶性糖质量分数(P<0.05),显著降低了笋芽的淀粉质量分数(P<0.05)。根据淀粉切片观察和质量分数拟合,T4处理休眠解除的时间最早,其次为T2和T3处理,2个处理解除时间相同,分别比T1处理提前了37和29 d。T2、T3、T4处理笋芽的脱落酸(ABA)质量分数在120 d时的下降幅度分别是T1处理的1.68、2.18和3.40倍。T2、T3和T4处理笋芽的赤霉素(GA3)质量分数在80 d时分别比T1处理高17.55%、3.27%和10.91%,且T2、T3、T4处理笋芽的GA3/ABA在120 d时的增量分别是T1处理的1.11、3.46、2.67倍;T3处理的笋芽导管和茎尖分生组织均在1月观察到水分运输恢复和细胞增殖的信号,而T1、T2和T4处理则分别在3、2和3月才能观察到此现象。【结论】低温处理尤其是地下部分低温可以促进雷竹休眠笋芽中淀粉水解为可溶性糖,并通过降低ABA质量分数、提高GA3质量分数、增强抗氧化酶(过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶)活性、促进笋芽维管束的连通和分生组织细.胞的快速分裂增殖等来影响雷竹笋芽休眠的解除。综合分析认为:在笋芽休眠期间雷竹对低温的感知部位主要为地下部分。[Objective]This study,with an investigation into the effect of low temperature treatment of different parts on dormancy of Phyllostachys violascens shoots,is aimed to reveal the biological mechanism of shoot dormancy relief and the main parts of low temperature induction.[Method]With 2-year-old Ph.violascens potted plants used as the research subject,4 treatments were set,namely,T1(18℃in above-ground parts and underground parts),T2(18℃in above-ground parts,natural low temperature in underground parts),T3(natural low temperature in above-ground parts,18℃in underground parts)and T4(natural low temperature in above-ground parts and underground parts)lasting from October 2021 to March 2022 and October 2022 to March 2023.Then the content of soluble sugar,starch,ablative acid,gibberellin and antioxidant enzyme activity of bamboo shoots were determined by observing the vascular bundle connection between bamboo shoots and mother bamboo,the distribution of starch and protein,and the proliferation of bamboo shoots.[Result]Compared with T1 treatment,T2,T3 and T4 treatments could significantly increase the content of soluble sugar(P<0.05)and significantly decrease the content of starch(P<0.05)in bamboo shoots during dormancy release.According to starch slice observation and content fitting,the dormancy release date of shoots treated with T4 was the earliest,followed by T2 and T3 treatments,which were 37 and 29 days earlier than T1 treatment,respectively.The decrease of abscisic acid(ABA)content in shoots treated with T2,T3 and T4 at day 120 was 1.68,2.18 and 3.40 times of that of T1 in the same period,respectively.The content of GA3 in shoots treated with T2,T3 and T4 at day 80 was 17.55%,3.27%and 10.91%higher than that treated with T1,respectively,and the increment of GA3/ABA in shoots treated with T2,T3 and T4 at day 120 was 1.11,3.46 and 2.67 times that of T1,respectively and the signals of water transport recovery and cell proliferation were observed in T3 treated shoot ducts and stem tip meristem in January,while

关 键 词：笋芽 感温部位 休眠解除 生理变化 组织观察 雷竹 

分 类 号：S723.1[农业科学—林木遗传育种]