新疆天山中-西段不同垂直带蚂蚁物种多样性  

Ant diversity along gradient in the middle-western section of Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang

作　　者：农正国 熊忠平[1] 徐正会[1] 王戌勃 刘霞[1] NONG Zhengguo;XIONG Zhongping;XU Zhenghui;WANG Xubo;LIU Xia(Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Province/College of Forestry,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学云南省森林灾害预警与控制重点实验室/林学院,云南昆明650224

出　　处：《浙江农林大学学报》2025年第1期143-152,共10页Journal of Zhejiang A&F University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31860166,31860615);云南省农业基础研究联合专项面上项目(202101BD070001-037);云南省森林灾害预警与控制重点实验室开放基金(ZKJS-T-202208)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨新疆天山中-西段蚂蚁群落结构、物种多样性与海拔和植被的关系,以揭示新疆天山不同垂直带蚂蚁物种多样性规律。【方法】采用样地调查法和搜索法研究新疆天山中-西段4个垂直带的蚂蚁群落,并利用Estimate S9.1.0进行抽样充分性检测,计算不同垂直带蚂蚁物种多样性的各指标,并应用SPSS 24.0分析蚂蚁物种多样性各指数与海拔和植被特征的相关性,如与海拔相关性显著,则同时使用线性和二项式模型进行拟合,基于拟合系数(R^(2))评价拟合度,并进行显著性检验。【结果】在天山中-西段共采集到蚂蚁136247头,隶属于2亚科12属29种,优势种为草地铺道蚁Tetramorium caespitum、黑毛蚁Lasius niger和丝光蚁Formica fusca。抽样充分性分析结果表明:此次调查样地中大多数蚂蚁物种被采集到,抽样充分;4个垂直带的物种丰富度为独山子垂直带(18种)>那拉提垂直带(14种)>库车垂直带(13种)>乌拉斯台垂直带(10种)。多样性分析显示:天山中-西段蚂蚁物种多样性随海拔升高总体呈下降趋势,4个垂直带的蚂蚁物种数和多样性指数与海拔变化显著负相关(P<0.05),均匀度指数与海拔的相关显著性不尽相同,二项式和线性模型变化趋势也普遍缺乏规律,优势度指数与海拔变化相关性不显著,但各垂直带二项式模型分析均呈先升高后降低的变化趋势。群落相似性分析发现:蚂蚁群落相似性系数为0.1667~0.6000(平均为0.2890),处于中等不相似水平,蚂蚁群落间分化明显。相关分析发现:蚂蚁物种数与乔木郁闭度显著正相关(P<0.05),多样性其他指标与植被特征相关性不显著。【结论】海拔显著影响该地区的蚂蚁物种多样.性,同时坡向、湿度、植被等也起到重要作用。新疆天山地区在植被类型以草丛和灌丛为主,气候炎热干燥,海拔较高且温差大等多重因素影响下,生态系统较脆弱,应加大对该地区的生�[Objective]In order to reveal the diversity of ant species in different vertical zones in Tianshan Mountains,the ant community structure,relationship between species diversity and altitude and vegetation in the middle-western section of Tianshan Mountains were studied.[Method]Ant communities in four vertical zones were surveyed by plot sampling and searching methods.The sampling adequacy was tested by Estimate S 9.1.0,and the diversity indexes in different zones were calculated.The correlations between diversity indexes and altitude and vegetation characteristics were analyzed by SPSS 24.0,if the correlation between species diversity and elevation was significant,both linear and binomial models were used for fitting,the fitting was evaluated based on R2 value while the significance was tested.[Result]A total of 136247 ants were collected,and 29 species belonging to 12 genera and 2 subfamilies were recognized.Tetramorium caespitum,Lasius niger and Formica fusca were the dominant species of the middle-western section of Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang.Sampling adequacy analysis showed that the most of ant species were collected.The richness of ant species of the four vertical zones as follows:Dushanzi vertical zone(18 species)>Narathi vertical zone(14 species)>Kuqa vertical zone(13 species)>Ulastai vertical zone(10 species).Diversity analysis showed that the ant species diversity of the middle-western section of Tianshan Mountains generally decreased with the altitude increasing.The species number and diversity index of the four vertical zones were significantly negatively correlated with the altitude change.On the four vertical zones,the correlation significance between evenness index and altitude was not the same,the change trends of binomial and linear models also lacked regularity.There was no significant correlation between dominance index and elevation change,but the binomial model analysis of each vertical zone showed a trend of increasing firstly and then decreasing with the elevation increasing.Community si

关 键 词：蚁科 生物多样性 群落 新疆天山 

分 类 号：S718.7[农业科学—林学]