青海东部天然次生白桦林林分结构和土壤养分对草本植物多样性的影响  

Impact of stand structure and soil nutrients on herbaceous diversity in natural secondary Betula platyphylla forests in eastern Qinghai Province

作　　者：李睿 邹星晨[1,2,3] 程唱 石正阳 彭小静 刘婧雯 刘仟仟 贺康宁 LI Rui;ZOU Xingchen;CHENG Chang;SHI Zhengyang;PENG Xiaojing;LIU Jingwen;LIU Qianqian;HE Kangning(School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Engineering Research Center of Forestry Ecological Engineering of Ministry of Education,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083 [2]北京林业大学北京市水土保持工程技术研究中心,北京100083 [3]北京林业大学林业生态工程教育部工程研究中心,北京100083

出　　处：《浙江农林大学学报》2025年第1期153-162,共10页Journal of Zhejiang A&F University

基　　金：青海省应用基础研究项目(2020-ZJ-713)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究林分结构和土壤养分对天然次生白桦Betula platyphylla林下草本多样性影响的主导因子,旨在为青海天然次生白桦林林分结构优化与提高草本多样性提供理论依据。【方法】以青海省大通县宝库林场天然次生白桦林为研究对象,通过典型取样法在该研究区内选取20个24 m×24 m的标准样地,利用相关性分析和冗余分析法探究多重因素(林分空间结构、林分非空间结构、土壤养分)对草本多样性的影响。【结果】(1)白桦林下共发现草本植物24科41属47种,其中黑麦草Lolium perenne、野草莓Fragaria vesca、珠芽蓼Polygonum viviparum、四叶葎Galium bungei、老鹳草Geranium wilfordii为优势种,其重要值均值分别为19.52%、18.91%、10.53%、6.95%、5.27%。(2)冗余分析结果显示:开敞度、平均胸径、大小比数分别可解释44.1%、16.8%、8.2%的草本植物多样性变化格局,是影响草本多样性的主要林分因子;碱解氮和速效钾分别可解释7.9%和7.6%的草本植物多样性变化格局,是主要的土壤养分因子。【结论】林分结构和土壤养分均显著影响林下草本多样性。可通过.调整林分空间结构、优化林分竞争态势和提升土壤肥力等方式提高林下草本多样性整体水平。[Objective]This study is to explore the dominant factors in stand structure and soil nutrients that affect the understory herbaceous diversity of natural secondary Betula platyphylla forest,so as to provide theoretical basis for optimizing the stand structure and improving herbaceous diversity of natural secondary B.platyphylla forest in Qinghai Province.[Method]Taking the natural secondary B.platyphylla forest in Baoku Forest Farm of Datong County,Qinghai Province as the research object,20 standard plots(24 m×24 m)were selected by typical sampling method.The effects of multiple factors(stand spatial structure,stand non-spatial structure,and soil nutrient)on herbaceous diversity were investigated by correlation analysis and redundancy analysis.[Result](1)A total of 47 species of herbaceous plants belonging to 41 genera and 24 families were found under the B.platyphylla forest,among which Lolium perenne,Fragaria vesca,Polygonum viviparum,Galium bungei and Geranium wilfordii were the dominant species,with mean important values of 19.52%,18.91%,10.53%,6.95%and 5.27%,respectively.(2)Redundancy analysis showed that openness,mean DBH,and size ratio could explain 44.1%,16.8%and 8.2%of the variation patterns in herbaceous diversity,respectively,and were the main stand factors affecting herbaceous diversity.Alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available potassium could explain 7.9%and 7.6%of herbaceous diversity pattern,respectively,and were the main soil nutrient factors.[Conclusion]Both stand structure and soil nutrients significantly affect understory herbaceous diversity.The overall level of understory herbaceous diversity can be improved by adjusting stand spatial structure,optimizing stand competition and improving soil fertility.

关 键 词：白桦 草本多样性 林分结构 土壤养分 冗余分析 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学] Q948.1[生物学—植物学]