中国城乡中小学校周边食物环境与学龄儿童超重肥胖关系的研究  

Study on the relationship between food environment and overweight and obesity of school children in urban and rural primary and middle schools of China

作　　者：李淑娟 余倩[3] 杨振宇 张倩 赵文华 LI Shujuan;YU Qian;YANG Zhenyu;ZHANG Qian;ZHAO Wenhua(National Institute for Nutrition and Health,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China;Chinese Field Epidemiology Training Program,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所,北京100050 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心现场流行病学培训项目,北京100050 [3]北京师范大学社会发展与公共政策学院,北京100875

出　　处：《中国慢性病预防与控制》2024年第12期943-948,共6页Chinese Journal of Prevention and Control of Chronic Diseases

基　　金：科技部科技基础资源调查专项(2017FY101101);中国居民营养与健康状况监测(2015—2017年);国家财政项目:公共卫生应急-营养健康与合理膳食行动(102393220020070000012)。

摘　　要：目的探讨中国城乡中小学校周边食物环境对儿童超重肥胖的影响,为建设儿童肥胖防控支持性环境提供科学依据。方法数据来源于中国居民营养与健康状况监测(2015—2017年)数据,选取其中6~17岁学龄儿童为研究对象,并收集其超重肥胖状况。采用研究团队前期建立的学校周边食物环境数据获取及评价方法分析中国城乡中小学校周边800 m范围内食物环境状况。采用SAS 9.4软件进行t检验、χ^(2)检验和Wilcoxon检验,采用多因素logistic回归模型分析学校周边800 m范围内食物环境对学龄儿童超重肥胖的影响。结果共纳入31个省(自治区、直辖市)6~17岁学龄儿童63918人,平均年龄为(11.6±3.2)岁,超重肥胖率为18.7%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,中小学校周边800 m范围内有便利店(OR=1.09,95%CI:1.03~1.15)、超市(OR=1.17,95%CI:1.10~1.23)、菜市场(OR=1.23,95%CI:1.16~1.29)、快餐店(OR=1.17,95%CI:1.10~1.24)、中餐厅(OR=1.16,95%CI:1.09~1.24)、外国餐厅(OR=1.20,95%CI:1.15~1.26)和甜品店(OR=1.17,95%CI:1.12~1.22)均与学龄儿童超重肥胖高风险相关,超市(OR=1.17,95%CI:1.06~1.30)和外国餐厅(OR=1.14,95%CI:1.08~1.22)与城市学龄儿童超重肥胖高风险相关,菜市场(OR=1.13,95%CI:1.06~1.21)和甜品店(OR=1.09,95%CI:1.02~1.16)与农村学龄儿童超重肥胖高风险相关,均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。中小学校周边800 m范围内的食物环境中有更多的便利店(OR=1.07,95%CI:1.02~1.12)、超市(OR=1.22,95%CI:1.17~1.28)、菜市场(OR=1.27,95%CI:1.21~1.32)、快餐店(OR=1.21,95%CI:1.16~1.27)和中餐厅(OR=1.22,95%CI:1.17~1.28)与学龄儿童超重肥胖高风险相关,有更多的超市(OR=1.21,95%CI:1.13~1.29)、菜市场(OR=1.18,95%CI:1.10~1.26)、快餐店(OR=1.12,95%CI:1.05~1.19)和中餐厅(OR=1.14,95%CI:1.06~1.21)与城市学龄儿童超重肥胖高风险相关,有更多的菜市场(OR=1.11,95%CI:1.04~1.18)、快餐店(OR=1.08,95%CI:1.01~1.15)和中餐厅(OR=1.09,95%CI:1.02~1.17)与�Objective To explore the influence of school neighborhood food environment(SNFE)on overweight and obesity of school children in urban and rural primary and middle schools of China,and provide the scientific basis for the construction of a supportive environment for the prevention and control of childhood obesity.Methods The children's data were from the China Nutrition and Health Surveillance(2015-2017).Children(6-17 years old)were selected as the objects,and their overweight and obesity status were collected.The data acquisition and evaluation method of SNFE established by the research team was used to analyze SNFE status within 800 m around urban and rural primary and secondary schools in China.The t test,χ^(2) test and Wilcoxon test were used to analyze the data.A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the effect of SNFE within 800 m around school on overweight and obesity in school-aged children.Results A total of 63918 school-age children(6-17 years old)were included in the study from 31 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities),the average age was(11.6±3.2)years old,and the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 18.7%.The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of convenience store(OR=1.09,95%CI:1.03-1.15),supermarket(OR=1.17,95%CI:1.10-1.23),wet market(OR=1.23,95%CI:1.16-1.29),fast-food restaurant(OR=1.17,95%CI:1.10-1.24),Chinese restaurant(OR=1.16,95%CI:1.09-1.24),foreign restaurant(OR=1.20,95%CI:1.15-1.26)and the dessert shop(OR=1.17,95%CI:1.12-1.22)within 800 m around the primary and secondary schools were all associated with a high risk of overweight and obesity in school-age children;supermarket(OR=1.17,95%CI:1.06-1.30)and foreign restaurant(OR=1.14,95%CI:1.08-1.22)were associated with high risk of overweight and obesity in urban school-age children;wet market(OR=1.13,95%CI:1.06-1.21)and dessert shop(OR=1.09,95%CI:1.02-1.16)were associated with high risk of overweight and obesity in rural school-age children(P<0.05,P<0.01).The SN

关 键 词：学校周边食物环境 超重肥胖 学龄儿童 

分 类 号：R723.14[医药卫生—儿科]