秸秆还田与加气灌溉对水稻泡田期水质的影响  

Effects of Straw Returning and Aerated Irrigation on Water Quality in Paddy Field During Rice Soaking Period

作　　者：袁鹤龙 陈剑 李涛[1] 于笑天 李江[1,4] 缴锡云[1,5] YUAN He-long;CHEN Jian;LI Tao;YU Xiao-tian;LI Jiang;JIAO Xi-yun(College of Agricultural Science and Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,Jiangsu Province,China;Wenzhou Water Conservancy and Electric Power Survey and Design Institute Co.,Ltd,Wenzhou 325000,Zhejiang Province,China;Liaoning Provincial Water Affairs Service Center,Shenyang 110000,Liaoning Province,China;National Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources(China Agricultural University),Beijing 100083,China;National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention,Nanjing 210098,Jiangsu Province,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学农业科学与工程学院,江苏南京211100 [2]温州市水利电力勘测设计院有限公司,浙江温州325000 [3]辽宁省水利事务服务中心,辽宁沈阳110000 [4]农业水资源高效利用全国重点实验室(中国农业大学),北京100083 [5]水灾害防御全国重点实验室,江苏南京210098

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2025年第2期21-27,共7页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1700803、D21YFD17008);农业水资源高效利用全国重点实验室开放研究基金项目资助(SKLAWR-2024-10)。

摘　　要：为探讨加气灌溉及秸秆还田对水稻泡田期水质的影响,于2021年在江苏省南京市开展土箱模拟试验,研究CK秸秆不还田+常规水灌溉(常规水DO 2.85 mg/L)、ST秸秆还田+常规水灌溉(小麦秸秆风干、粉碎至3~5 cm,常规水DO 2.85 mg/L)和SO秸秆还田+微纳米加气灌溉(小麦秸秆风干、粉碎至3~5 cm,微纳米气泡水DO 8.04 mg/L)对水稻泡田期田面水、不同土层土壤溶液和渗漏水水质的影响,对TN、TP和COD 3类水质指标在泡田期内的变化情况进行监测分析。结果表明:秸秆还田会导致水稻泡田期田面水、各层土壤溶液以及渗漏水的TN、TP和COD浓度增加,且对水稻泡田初期田面水及浅层土壤溶液的水质影响较为严重,泡田期内秸秆还田会导致田面水的TN、TP和COD浓度峰值分别增加27.67%、27.27%和56.11%,0~10 cm土壤溶液的TN、TP峰值分别增加28.95%、57.34%,秸秆还田后0~10 cm土壤溶液COD平均浓度增加43.44%。微纳米加气灌溉可有效降低秸秆还田后泡田期内稻田水体中TN、TP及COD浓度,微纳米加气灌溉使秸秆还田后的田面水的TN、TP和COD浓度峰值分别减少10.65%、16.67%和15.69%,使泡田期内田面水TN、TP和COD平均浓度分别减少10.97%、5.88%和5.73%。研究表明,秸秆还田后会导致水稻泡田期田面水、各层土壤溶液以及渗漏水的TN、TP及COD浓度升高,秸秆还田后采用微纳米加气灌溉可以降低稻田水体中TN、TP及COD浓度。试验可以实现减轻秸秆还田导致的稻田水质污染的目的,同时可为控制稻田污染物扩散以及减少氮磷流失方面提供一定的理论依据。In order to investigate the effects of aerated irrigation and straw returning on water quality during rice soaking period.In this study,a soil box simulation experiment was carried out in Nanjing,Jiangsu Province in 2021 to study the effects of CK straw returning+conventional water irrigation(conventional water DO 2.85 mg/L),ST straw returning+conventional water irrigation(wheat straw dried and crushed to 3~5 cm,DO of conventional water 2.85 mg/L)and SO straw returning+micro-nano aerated irrigation(wheat straw dried and crushed to 3~5 cm,micro-nano bubble water DO 8.04 mg/L)on the quality of surface water,soil solution and leakage water in different soil layers during rice soaking period.The changes of TN,TP and COD water quality indexes during the soaking period were monitored and analyzed.The results showed that straw returning could increase the concentrations of TN,TP and COD in surface water,soil solution and leakage water of each layer during the rice soaking period,and had a serious impact on the water quality of surface water and shallow soil solution in the early stage of rice soaking.During the soaking period,straw returning could increase the peak concentrations of TN,TP and COD in surface water by 27.67%,27.27%and 56.11%,respectively.The peak concentrations of TN and TP in 0~10 cm soil solution increased by 28.95%and 57.34%,respectively.The average concentration of COD in 0~10 cm soil solution increased by 43.44%after straw returning.Micro-nano aerated irrigation can effectively reduce the concentration of TN,TP and COD in paddy field water during the soaking period after straw returning to the field.Micro-nano aerated irrigation reduced the peak concentration of TN,TP and COD in the surface water of the field after straw returning to the field by 10.65%,16.67%and 15.69%,respectively,and reduced the average concentration of TN,TP and COD in the surface water of the field during the soaking period by 10.97%,5.88%and 5.73%,respectively.The results showed that the concentrations of TN,TP and COD in surfa

关 键 词：稻田 秸秆还田 泡田期 加气灌溉 氮 磷 COD 水质 土壤溶液 渗漏水 

分 类 号：S275[农业科学—农业水土工程]