淮北平原土壤水和地下水交换特征研究  

Study on the Exchange Characteristics of soil Water and Groundwater in Huaibei Plain

作　　者：孙千桢 朱永华[1,2,3] 王启猛 吕海深[1,3] 陆玟[1,3] 王怡宁 朱嘉琪 黄禹鑫 SUN Qian-zhen;ZHU Yong-hua;WANG Qi-meng;LYU Hai-shen;LU Wen;WANG Yi-ning;ZHU Jia-qi;HUANG Yu-xin(College of Hydrology and Water Resources,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,Jiangsu Province,China;College of Geography and Remote Sensing,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,Jiangsu Province,China;The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,Jiangsu Province,China;Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,Nanjing 210029,Jiangsu Province,China;The Huaihe River Commission of the Ministry of Water Resource,P.R.C,Bengbu 233001,Anhui Province,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学水文水资源学院,江苏南京210098 [2]河海大学地理与遥感学院,江苏南京211100 [3]水灾害防御全国重点实验室,河海大学,江苏南京210098 [4]南京水利科学研究院,江苏南京210029 [5]水利部淮河水利委员会,安徽蚌埠233001

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2025年第2期28-35,共8页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42071033,41830752);国家自然科学基金面上项目(42471019)。

摘　　要：研究土壤水与浅层地下水的交换特征,为淮北平原的地下水合理开发利用与保护、建立高效合理的节水灌溉制度提供理论依据。根据1986-2021年的土壤水分与地下水埋深等数据,采用相关分析法分析冬小麦和夏玉米根区层土壤水与地下水的相关关系;根据土壤含水量与田间持水量的差值计算底部渗漏量,用经验公式计算潜水蒸发量,对比分析作物主要根系分布层土壤水与浅层地下水的交换特征。结果表明:①作物主要根系分布层处底部渗漏量的值和次数都远低于潜水蒸发;潜水蒸发的变化趋势基本一致,2000年前较高,数值变化幅度较大,2000年后年产生量总体降低,趋于平稳;玉米平均潜水蒸发量为280.25 mm,平均5 d产生4次,小麦平均潜水蒸发量为314.16 mm,平均5 d产生4次。②玉米不同生育阶段的底部渗漏量随生育阶段呈先升高后降低再升高的趋势,小麦不同生育阶段的底部渗漏量随生育阶段呈先升高后降低的趋势,产生次数较少但单次产生量高;玉米和小麦不同生育阶段的潜水蒸发量随时间基本都呈先下降后平稳的趋势,玉米灌浆-成熟期的潜水蒸发最为活跃,7 d平均产生次数为5次,小麦拔节-抽穗期潜水蒸发10 d内平均产生次数为9次。夏玉米和冬小麦全生育期内土壤水与地下水的交换以地下水补给土壤水为主;作物生育期和不同生育阶段的单次潜水蒸发量随时间呈先下降后平稳的趋势,地下水补给土壤水的能力变弱,底部渗漏量则无明显变化。The exchange characteristics of soil water and shallow groundwater were studied to provide theoretical basis for the rational development,utilization and protection of groundwater in Huaibei Plain and the establishment of efficient and reasonable water-saving irrigation system.Based on the data of soil moisture and groundwater depth from 1986 to 2021,the correlation between soil water and groundwater in the root zone of winter wheat and summer maize was analyzed by correlation analysis.The bottom leakage was calculated according to the difference between soil water content and field capacity,and the evaporation of phreatic water was calculated by empirical formula.The exchange characteristics of soil water and shallow groundwater in the main root distribution layer of crops were compared and analyzed.The value and frequency of bottom leakage of the main root distribution layer of crops are much lower than those of phreatic evaporation.The change trend of phreatic evaporation was basically the same.Before 2000,it was higher and the value changed greatly.After 2000,the annual production decreased and tended to be stable.The average phreatic evaporation of maize was 280.25 mm,with an average of four times in five days.The average diving evaporation of wheat was 314.16 mm,with an average of four times in five days.②The bottom leakage of maize at different growth stages increased first,then decreased and then increased with the growth stage.The bottom leakage of wheat at different growth stages increased first and then decreased with time,and the number of production was less but the single production was high.The evaporation of phreatic water in different growth stages of maize and wheat decreased first and then stabilized with time.The evaporation of phreatic water in maize filling-maturity stage was the most active,with an average number of 5 times in 7 days,and the average number of times of phreatic water evaporation in wheat jointing-heading stage was 9 times in 10 days.The exchange of soil water and groundwat

关 键 词：潜水蒸发量 底部渗漏量 淮北平原 土壤水 地下水 交换特征 

分 类 号：S274.3[农业科学—农业水土工程]