干播湿出模式下不同灌溉量对农田土壤水盐动态及棉花生长的影响  

Effects of Different Irrigation Quotas on soil Water and Salt Dynamics and Cotton Growth Under Dry Seeding and Wet Extraction Mode

作　　者：刘晨旭 马英杰[1] 衡通 LIU Chen-xu;MA Ying-jie;HENG Tong(College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2025年第2期36-42,52,共8页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900800)。

摘　　要：为了研究新疆克拉玛依棉花干播湿出模式下不同出苗水灌水量对土壤盐分动态和棉花生长的影响,于2022-2023年设定不同出苗水灌水处理(T1:825 m^(3)/hm^(2),T2:1200 m^(3)/hm^(2),T3:1425 m^(3)/hm^(2),CK:975 m^(3)/hm^(2)),对比分析了各处理对土壤含盐量、脱盐率和棉花株高、茎粗及产量的影响。结果表明:T2处理0~20 cm土层的脱盐率在2022年为30.86%,在2023年进一步提高至37.90%,2 a整体脱盐率达到43.52%,显著高于CK组的42.29%。在棉花生长指标方面,T2处理的棉花株高和茎粗在整个生育期内均表现优异,2023年吐絮期的株高最高,茎粗达到9.92 mm(比CK处理显著提高了5.37%)。在棉花产量方面,2022年和2023年T2处理的籽棉产量分别为5317.45和6539.94 kg/hm^(2),明显高于其他处理。此外,T2处理还在水分利用效率(IWUE)方面显示出最佳表现,2022年和2023年的IWUE分别为1.11和1.39 kg/m^(3),显著高于T1、T3和对照组。与其他处理相比,T2处理在棉花生长指标以及后期产量及其构成要素方面明显优于其他处理。当出苗时灌溉定额为T1时,棉花的株高、产量和收获密度均最低;当出苗水量等于T3时,棉花的产量及其生理指标随灌溉定额增加而降低。综合考虑各处理下的土壤水盐情况和棉花出苗及生长状况以及产量情况,T2为最佳出苗水处理。To study the effects of different irrigation amounts on soil salinity dynamics and cotton growth in Karamay,Xinjiang,various irrigation treatments(T1:825 m^(3)/hm^(2),T2:1200 m^(3)/hm^(2),T3:1425 m^(3)/hm^(2),CK:975 m^(3)/hm^(2))were established during 2022-2023.The influences of each treatment on soil salt content,desalination rate,plant height,stem diameter and yield of cotton were compared and analyzed.The results indicated that the desalination rate of the 0-20 cm soil layer in the T2 treatment was 30.86%in 2022,and it further rose to 37.90%in 2023.The overall desalination rate over the two years reached 43.52%,which was significantly higher than that of the CK group(42.29%).Regarding cotton growth indicators,the plant height and stem diameter of cotton under the T2 treatment were outstanding throughout the entire growth period.The plant height of cotton treated with T2 was the highest at the batting stage in 2023,with the stem diameter reaching 9.92 mm,which was significantly increased by 5.37%compared with the CK treatment.In terms of cotton yield,the seed cotton yield of the T2 treatment was 5317.45 and 6539.94 kg/hm^(2)in 2022 and 2023,respectively,which was significantly higher than other treatments.The T2 treatment also demonstrated the best performance in terms of water use efficiency(IWUE).The IWUE in 2022 and 2023 was 1.11 and 1.39 kg/m^(3),respectively,significantly higher than that of T1,T3 and the control group.Compared with other treatments,the T2 treatment was significantly superior in terms of cotton growth indicators and subsequent yield and its components.When the irrigation quota was equal to T1,the plant height,yield and harvest density of cotton were the lowest.When the emerging water amount was equal to T3,the yield and physiological index of cotton decreased with the increase of the irrigation quota.Considering the soil water and salt conditions,cotton emergence,growth and yield conditions under each treatment,T2 was the optimal water treatment for emergence.

关 键 词：盐碱地改良 棉田 干播湿出 棉花产量 水分利用效率 水盐动态 生长指标 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]