近20年渭干河流域蒸散发量演变特征与灌溉效率评价  

Evolution Characteristics of Evapotranspiration and Irrigation Efficiency Evaluation in the Weigan River Basin in the Past 20 Years

作　　者：宫宇 杨鹏年[1,2] 杨一飞 单劲松 王永平 王永鹏 周龙 GONG Yu;YANG Peng-nian;YANG Yi-fei;SHAN Jin-song;WANG Yong-ping;WANG Yong-peng;ZHOU Long(College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Security and Water Disasters Prevention,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China;Henan Province Water Resources Survey and Design Research Co.,Ltd,Zhengzhou 450000,Henan Province,China;Weigan River Basin Management Office,Aksu 842000,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [3]河南省水利勘测设计研究有限公司,河南郑州450000 [4]新疆阿克苏地区渭干河流域管理局,新疆阿克苏842000

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2025年第2期62-70,共9页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：渭干河流域规模化节水与灌区水盐响应研究(2023.D-002);第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2021xjkk0203)。

摘　　要：我国西北干旱区监测站点稀疏、实测资料不足,导致区域尺度的蒸散耗水及农业用水效率难以精确评估。利用HTEM模型计算了近20 a渭干河流域的实际蒸散发量,分析其时空分布特征,结合降水量与引水量数据评价了2000-2020年膜下滴灌实施前后流域灌溉水有效利用系数。结果表明:①蒸散发存在空间尺度上的差异性,呈现西高东低,南高北低的空间分布格局,受植被分布等影响,植被蒸腾和土壤蒸发呈现显著的互补效应。②灌区蒸散发量总体随时间呈现增加趋势,多年平均农田蒸散发量为563.6 mm。其中,多年平均植被蒸腾为400.2 mm,占总蒸散发的71%;多年平均土壤蒸发为163.5 mm,占总蒸散发量的29%。③2000-2020年灌区灌溉水有效利用系数呈现增加趋势,2000年、2005年、2010年、2015年、2020年灌溉水有效利用系数分别为0.342、0.365、0.437、0.503、0.561。随着膜下滴灌的推广,渭干河流域灌区节水效果已逐渐显现,灌溉水有效利用系数与节水灌溉面积同步扩大的趋势是确定近远期灌区规模、优化节水灌溉制度的重要依据。The sparse number of monitoring stations and insufficient measured information in the arid regions of north-west China make it difficult to accurately assess evapotranspiration water consumption and agricultural water use efficiency at the regional scale.In this study,the HTEM model was utilized to calculate the actual ET in the Weigan River Basin over the past two decades,analyze its spatial and temporal distribution patterns,and assess the effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water before and after the adoption of drip irrigation from 2000 to 2020,using precipitation and water diversion data.The findings revealed that:①ET was spatially variable,showing higher values in the west and south and lower values in the east and north.Vegetation and soil evapotranspiration exhibited notable complementary effects influenced by vegetation distribution.②Overall,evapotranspiration exhibited an upward trend over time,with an average farmland ET of 563.6 mm.Of this,average vegetation ET was 400.2 mm,accounting for 71%of the total,while average soil ET was 163.5 mm,constituting 29%of the total.③The effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water in the irrigation area exhibited an increasing trend from 2000 to 2020,with the coefficients being 0.342,0.365,0.437,0.503,and 0.561 in the years 2000,2005,2010,2015,and 2020,respectively.With the promotion of drip irrigation under plastic mulching,the water-saving effect in the irrigation area of the Weigan River Basin has gradually emerged.The trend of simultaneous increase in both the irrigation water use efficiency and the area of water-saving irrigation serves as an important basis for determining the future scale of the irrigation area and optimizing the water-saving irrigation system.

关 键 词：蒸散发 遥感 HTEM模型 渭干河流域 灌溉水有效利用系数 

分 类 号：S271[农业科学—农业水土工程]