寒地黑土区不同灌溉模式对稻田产量和土壤碳、氮及组分的影响  

Effects of Different Irrigation Patterns on Paddy Yield and Soil Carbon,Nitrogen and Fractions in Cold Black Soil Areas

作　　者：黄彦 王豪毅 司振江 王柏 王占浩 曹程鹏 HUANG Yan;WANG Hao-yi;SI Zhen-jiang;WANG Bai;WANG Zhan-hao;CAO Cheng-peng(College of Water Conservancy and Electric Power,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150006,Heilongjiang Province,China;Heilongjiang Hydraulic Research Institute,Harbin 150080,Heilongjiang Province,China;Northeast Key Laboratory of Water-saving Agriculture,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development,Harbin 150080,Heilongjiang Province,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学水利电力学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150006 [2]黑龙江省水利科学研究院,黑龙江哈尔滨150080 [3]农业农村部东北节水农业重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2025年第2期107-114,119,共9页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1500402,NK202319080504);中科院先导项目(XDA28100101);省联合引导基金(LH2022E112)。

摘　　要：为探究在寒地黑土区不同灌溉模式对稻田产量和土壤有机碳、铵态氮和硝态氮的影响。试验在黑龙江省佳木斯市七星国家农业科技园区进行,采用大田试验,以“龙粳31”为种植品种,设置了控制灌溉(KG)、常规灌溉(CG)和浅晒浅灌溉(QG)3种灌溉模式,研究了水稻全生育期内不同灌溉模式下0~60 cm土层铵态氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)、硝态氮(NO_(3)^(-)-N)、有机碳(SOC)、可溶性有机碳(DOC)和易氧化有机碳(LOC)含量的变化情况,以及对水稻产量的影响。研究结果表明:KG模式下水稻产量相对QG模式和CG模式分别提升3.2%和7.7%。KG模式和QG模式耗水情况相较于CG模式分别降低14.2%和10.3%。SOC、DOC和LOC共3种碳素含量变化情况主要集中在0~20 cm土层,40~60 cm土层变化幅度较小。不同灌溉模式下,KG模式稻田土壤中SOC相对QG模式和CG模式分别降低4.9%和9.1%,DOC相对降低3.8%和4.1%,LOC含量相对降低12.3%和13.6%。3种灌溉模式下NH_(4)^(+)-N含量两次变化拐点均出现在分蘖期以及抽穗开花期,KG模式和QG模式下NH_(4)^(+)-N含量随着深度的增加而逐渐小于CG模式;NO_(3)^(-)-N含量变化拐点与NH_(4)^(+)-N变化情况相似,NH_(4)^(+)-N含量在浅层变化较为明显,KG模式NH_(4)^(+)-N含量增多了3.3%和9.8%。节水灌溉模式下有利于土壤中有机碳的分解为水稻生长提供有机质,改善土壤肥力,提高土壤的固氮能力。In order to explore the effects of different irrigation modes on paddy yield soil organic carbon,ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in rice yield in cold black soil region.The experiment was carried out in Qixing National Agricultural Science and Technology Park,Jiamusi City,Heilongjiang Province,with“Long Japonica 31”as the cultivar,and three irrigation modes,namely controlled irrigation(KG),conventional irrigation(CG),and shallow sunlight and shallow irrigation(QG),were set up to study the effects of ammonium nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N),nitrate nitrogen(NO_(3)^(-)-N),organic carbon(SOC),soluble organic carbon(DOC),and easily oxidizable organic carbon(LOC)in the soil layer of 0~60 cm under different irrigation modes throughout the life cycle of the rice.The results showed that rice yield was enhanced by 3.2%and 7.7%in KG mode relative to QG and CG modes.The water consumption of KG mode and QG mode was reduced by 14.2%and 10.3%,respectively,compared to the CG mode.The changes of carbon content of SOC,DOC and LOC were primarily concentrated in the 0~20 cm soil layer,and the change range of the 40~60 cm soil layer were smaller.Compared with QG and CG modes,the SOC in the KG mode decreased by 4.9%and 9.1%,the DOC decreased by 3.8%and 4.1%,and the LOC content decreased by 12.3%and 13.6%,respectively.The inflection points of NH_(4)^(+)-N content in the three irrigation modes occurred during the tillering stage and heading and flowering stage,and the NH_(4)^(+)-N content in KG mode and QG mode was gradually smaller than that in CG mode with the increase of depth.The inflection point of NO_(3)^(-)-N content was similar to that of NH_(4)^(+)-N,and the NH_(4)^(+)-N content changed significantly in the shallow layer,and the NH_(4)^(+)-N content increased by 3.3%and 9.8%in the KG model.The water-saving irrigation mode is conducive to the decomposition of organic carbon in the soil,which provides organic matter for rice growth,improves soil fertility and improves soil nitrogen fixation capacity.

关 键 词：黑土区水稻 灌溉模式 土壤有机碳 活性碳组分 铵态氮 硝态氮 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程]