基于人工降雨的玉米植株对降雨拦截效应研究  

Research on the Interception Effect of Corn Plants on Rainfall Based on Artificial Rainfall

作　　者：张陆军 吴发启[2] 苏翔[1] 李红艳 ZHANG Lu-jun;WU Fa-qi;SU Xiang;LI Hong-yan(Shanghai Investigation,Design&Research Institute,Shanghai 200124,China;Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi Province,China;Shanghai Shangzi Engineering Design Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200333,China)

机构地区：[1]上海勘测设计研究院有限公司,上海200124 [2]西北农林科技大学,陕西杨凌712100 [3]上海上咨工程设计有限公司,上海200333

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2025年第2期115-119,共5页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“黄土坡耕地作物覆盖与管理的防蚀作用研究”(41977065);国家重点基础研究发展计划“不同类型区土壤侵蚀过程与机理”(2007CB407201-5)。

摘　　要：为了系统研究玉米植株对降雨的再分配和拦截效应,探求降雨截留量、截留率与叶面接和降雨强度之间的相关数学模型,进而为提高玉米栽植的水土流失防治效果、提高水肥管理效率提供参考。采用人工降雨模拟的方式,用自制人工降雨设施、茎秆流收集设施等测量装置,系统研究了玉米幼苗期、拔节前、拔节中、拔节后、抽雄前、抽雄后等6个典型生长节点,不同降雨强度(20~120 mm)下植株对降雨的再分配和拦截情况。玉米植株对降雨的拦截量与叶面积、降雨强度之间总体呈线性增长关系,其线性关系式为F=-51.5986+0.0205 LA+0.7163 I;玉米植株对降雨的拦截率与叶面积之间呈典型的幂函数增长关系,从幼苗期到抽雄前,拦截率可从5%增加至78%;降雨强度对拦截率的影响不明显,特别是在玉米植株生长初期,但在玉米生长后期,随降雨强度增加,拦截率呈现一定的下降趋势。玉米植株对于降雨具有很强的拦截和再分布影响,通过合理栽植方式,能够有效降低降雨和灌溉造成的坡耕地水土流失。In order to systematically study the redistribution and interception effects of corn plants on rainfall,explore the mathematical models related to rainfall interception amount,interception rate,foliar contact,and rainfall intensity,and provide reference for improving the soil erosion prevention and control effect of corn planting and enhancing water and fertilizer management efficiency.By using artificial rainfall simulation and measuring devices such as self-made artificial rainfall facilities and stem flow collection facilities,a systematic study was conducted on the redistribution and interception of rainfall by plants at six typical growth nodes of maize,including seedling stage,pre jointing stage,mid jointing stage,post jointing stage,pre tasseling stage,and post tasseling stage,under different rainfall intensities(20~120 mm).The interception of rainfall by corn plants showed a linear growth relationship with leaf area and rainfall intensity,and the linear relationship was F=-51.5986+0.0205 LA+0.7163 I;The interception rate of corn plants to rainfall shows a typical power function growth relationship with leaf area.From the seedling stage to before tasseling,the interception rate can increase from 5%to 78%;The impact of rainfall intensity on interception rate is not significant,especially in the early stages of maize plant growth.However,in the later stages of maize growth,as rainfall intensity increases,interception rate shows a certain downward trend.Corn plants have a strong interception and redistribution effect on rainfall.Through reasonable planting methods,soil erosion caused by rainfall and irrigation on corn sloping farmland can be effectively reduced.

关 键 词：玉米植株 拦截效应 降雨强度 叶面积 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]