一种基于改进编码器-解码器的阵列稳健波束形成方法  

An Improved Encoder-Decoder Based on Array Robust Beam-Forming Method

作　　者：刘子雄 徐艳红 崔灿 王安义[1,2] 范旭慧 LIU Zixiong;XU Yanhong;CUI Can;WANG Anyi;FAN Xuhui(College of Communication and Information Engineering,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,China;Xi’an Key Laboratory of Network Convergence Communication,Xi’an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]西安科技大学通信与信息工程学院,西安7100054 [2]西安市网络融合通信重点实验室,西安710054

出　　处：《空军工程大学学报》2025年第1期50-58,共9页Journal of Air Force Engineering University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(62271386,61901357);陕西省科协青年人才托举计划项目(20230149)。

摘　　要：针对实际场景中不可避免存在的阵列误差所带来的阵列天线旁瓣电平抬高、零点移位甚至方向图畸变等问题,提出了一种基于改进编码器-解码器的阵列稳健波束形成方法。该方法基于一维卷积神经网络(1D-CNN)和人工神经网络(ANN)分别设计了编码器和解码器,其中编码器和解码器分别起到阵列综合和阵列分析的功能。首先训练解码器,通过在该训练过程中考虑阵列误差,建立实际阵列的激励权矢量与阵列方向图之间的映射关系;然后训练编码器,建立期望方向图与产生该方向图所需激励权矢量的映射关系,该过程需联合已训练好的解码器,不断迭代,最终求得最优激励权矢量。为验证该方法的有效性,开展了存在阵列误差情况下16阵元的波束综合,实现了-20 dB低旁瓣下的-45 dB单零点和-40 dB多零点综合,实验结果均证明了该方法的有效性。Aimed at the problems that side-lobe level is on the increase,nulls are shifting,and even beampattern distortion of array antenna is induced by unavoidably existing array errors in practical scenarios,this paper proposes a robust array beamforming method based on an improved encoder-decoder structure.There are models of encoder and decoder in design based on one-dimensional convolutional neural network(1D-CNN)and artificial neural network(ANN),and the encoder and the decoder separately play the role of array synthesizer and analyzer respectively.Specifically,the decoder is firstly trained to establish a mapping relationship between the excitation weight vector of the actual array and the beampattern where the array errors is taken into consideration during the training process.Secondly,the encoder is trained to establish a mapping relationship between the desired beampattern and the required excitation weight vector by combining the trained decoder.And then,continuously iterate is made,and the optimal excitation weight vector is obtained ultimately.To verify the effectiveness of the method,two typical beampattern synthesis,i.e.,achieving-45 dB single nulling and-40 dB multiple nulling with-20 dB low sidelobes,are conduced based on 16-element array in the presence of array errors.The simulation results show that the proposed method is valid.

关 键 词：波束形成 编码器-解码器 低旁瓣 神经网络 阵列误差 

分 类 号：TN821[电子电信—信息与通信工程]