马克思恩格斯对工会职能及其有限性的理论阐释  

The Theoretical Exposition by Marx and Engels on the Functions and Limitations of the Trade Union

作　　者：刘佳 LIU Jia(School of Marxism,Beihang University,Beijing 100191)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学马克思主义学院,北京100191

出　　处：《中国劳动关系学院学报》2025年第1期34-44,共11页Journal of China University of Labor Relations

基　　金：北京航空航天大学校院两级管理体制改革支持计划项目“《共产党宣言》对无产阶级政党理论的社会历史性阐释研究”(项目编号:KG16266101)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：工会职能观是马克思主义工会学说的重要组成部分,是理解现代工会组织政治形态及其运行机制的重要维度。马克思恩格斯对工会职能及其有限性的理论阐释是在领导工人运动、对资本主义政治经济学开展理论批判的过程中推进的。他们肯定了工会在维护工人工资利益、开展政治动员、提供社会救济、灌输阶级意识等方面的重要作用。同时也注意到,处于资本主义雇佣劳动体制下的工会很可能被资本主义意识形态和资产阶级“绥靖政策”所吞噬,甚至会走向工人阶级的对立面。对于这种可能出现的苗头和倾向,马克思恩格斯强调工会必须坚持无产阶级先锋队政党的领导,以无产阶级先锋队政党的强有力领导来保障工会组织的纯洁性和进步性,这一重要原则是中国工会必须坚持中国共产党领导的理论渊源和思想源头。The view on the functions of the trade union is an important component of the Marxist trade union theory and is a crucial dimension for understanding the political forms and operational mechanisms of modern trade unions organizations.In the process of leading workers'movement and conducting theoretical critiques on capitalist political economics,Marx and Engels provided a theoretical exposition on the functions and limitations of the trade union.They recognized the signifi cant roles of trade unions in safeguarding workers'wage interests,promoting political mobilization,providing social relief,and instilling class consciousness.However,they also noted that under the capitalist wage labor system,the trade union could be potentially absorbed by capitalist ideology and the bourgeois"appeasement policy",which might lead to a position antagonistic to the working class.To address these emerging tendencies,Marx and Engels emphasized that trade unions must adhere to the leadership of the proletarian vanguard party.The strong leadership of the proletarian vanguard party is essential to ensure the purity and progressiveness of the trade union organizations.This important principle serves as the theoretical source and ideological foundation for the Chinese trade unions'necessity to uphold the leadership of the Communist Party of China.

关 键 词：工会职能 利益维护 政治动员 社会救济 思想启蒙 

分 类 号：D410[政治法律—政治学]