中国产业工人工资增长为何缓慢?——低工资劳动体制的形成与特征  

Why is Wage Growth for Industrial Workers in China Slow?——A Study of the Formation and Characteristics of Low-Wage Labor System

作　　者：孙中伟 SUN Zhongwei(School of Politics and Public Administration,South China Normal University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510631)

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学政治与公共管理学院,广东广州510631

出　　处：《中国劳动关系学院学报》2025年第1期113-124,共12页Journal of China University of Labor Relations

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“新科技革命时代产业工人相对贫困的形成机制与多维治理研究”(项目编号:23BSH008);广东省哲学社会科学规划专项项目“广东产业工人收入状况与优化路径研究”(项目编号:GD22ZDZSH01)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：长期以来,中国形成了“低工资—高就业”和“低消费—高积累”的生产分配体制。这种体制为保持出口产品的国际竞争力,严格控制人工成本的上涨速度,导致制造业工人收入增长相对缓慢。本研究基于经济增长体制与劳动体制匹配互补的分析视角,从增长模式、产业结构、社会政策和社会体制等4个维度分析了“低工资劳动体制”的形成原因。研究基于当前我国正处于全面深化产业工人队伍建设改革,推动中国式现代化的时代背景,进一步指出提高产业工人收入水平的建议:一是建立“劳动偏向”的初次收入分配格局,二是建立和谐共赢的劳动关系格局,三是加快形成“新质生产力驱动”的产业转型格局。For a long time,China has formed a low-wage—high-employment and low-consumption—high-accumulation production and distribution system,thereby maintaining its international competitiveness of export products and strictly controlling the pace of labor cost increases.But it also results in relatively slow income growth for manufacturing workers.This study examines the reasons for the formation of the"low-wage labor system"from the perspective of the complementary relationship between economic growth systems and labor systems,focusing on four dimensions of growth model,industrial structure,social policy,and social system.Based on the current context of China's comprehensive deepening of industrial workforce team building and promoting Chinese-style modernization,the study further proposes recommendations for improving the income levels of industrial workers:fi rst,establishing an initial,"labor-oriented"income distribution pattern;second,creating a harmonious and mutually benefi cial labor relations landscape;and third,accelerating the formation of an industrial transformation pattern driven by"new quality productivity".

关 键 词：产业工人 工资增长 收入分配 社会政策 

分 类 号：F249.24[经济管理—劳动经济]