阶层跨越与共同富裕:居民家庭收入与财富的流动性及其约束  

Class Leapfrogging and Common Prosperity:Income and Wealth Mobility in Households,Including Their Constraints

作　　者：李静[1] 高楠 戴昕晨 LI Jing;GAO Nani;DAI Xinchen(School of Economics,Anhui University;School of Economics and Management,Hefei University)

机构地区：[1]安徽大学经济学院 [2]合肥大学经济与管理学院,230601

出　　处：《经济理论与经济管理》2024年第11期71-89,共19页Economic Theory and Business Management

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“以共同富裕为导向增进劳动力要素市场化配置效率的路径研究”(23BJL008)的资助。

摘　　要：本文构建多个样本,结合资产视角分析我国低收入居民家庭的阶层流动性及其向上流动的约束。研究发现,近年来我国低收入居民家庭的阶层流动水平趋势向好,有近半概率实现向上流动,相对流动水平与绝对流动水平不断提高,在长期中可以获得更高的财富地位;居民家庭收入的阶层流动水平整体高于家庭资产的阶层流动水平,可见居民家庭在收入中有更大的可能实现阶层跨越。此外,低收入居民家庭相对流动水平良好,这有效支撑其流动进入中等收入群体,然而外部优势资源的欠缺使得该群体难以获得更高的财富地位;降低区域间经济资源与教育水平差异是推动低收入居民家庭实现大幅度阶层上升的关键。本文认为,进一步提高低收入居民家庭阶层流动水平、缩减社会收入与财富差距需要积极推动区域间公共资源分配均衡化。China has made significant progress along the road to common prosperity.To achieve a higher level of prosperity,it is necessary to strengthen low-income households'class mobility,improve their income and asset status,and accelerate the reduction of the income and wealth gap between groups by"expanding and lowering".Based on CFPS survey data from 2010 to 2020,this research examines the level of class mobility and its upward mobility limits among low-income households in China using the dual dimensions of income and assets.This study initially adjusts for life cycle bias and transitory fluctuation bias in income data,then uses the transfer matrix method and quantile regression model to evaluate the class mobility rate and long-term stable quantile of low-income households,as well as conduct robustness testing.Finally,the counterfactual analysis approach is utilized to study how external resource differences hinder low-income households'upward mobility.The study discovered that,firstly,in recent years,the level of class mobility of low-income households in China has improved,with about half of the probability moving into the higher class.The relative and absolute mobility levels have steadily improved,and higher financial status can be achieved in the long run.Secondly,low-income households'income has a higher overall level of class mobility than assets,implying that they have a greater chance of class leapfrogging in income.Thirdly,there are large disparities in the degree of class mobility among different low-income households.Low-income households who live in economically developed areas or have a better level of education have a greater advantage in terms of class advancement and long-term wealth creation.Fourthly,low-income households have strong relative mobility,which helps them move into the middle-income group.However,a lack of externally beneficial resources makes it difficult for this group to advance to the upper wealth classes.Reducing regional disparities in economic resources and education levels is c

关 键 词：低收入居民家庭 阶层流动性 向上流动约束 公共资源均衡化 

分 类 号：F12[经济管理—世界经济]