规范倡导、主动本土化与美式数字治理规范在东盟国家的扩散——以TPP与IPEF为例  

Norm Entrepreneurship,Proactive Norm Localization and the Diffusion of U.S.Digital Governance Norms in ASEAN Countries:A Comparative Analysis of TPP and IPEF

作　　者：邢瑞利 Xing Ruili

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《当代亚太》2024年第6期58-83,166,共27页Journal of Contemporary Asia-Pacific Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“‘印太经济框架’下东南亚国家的战略选择及中国应对研究”(项目批准号:23CGJ040)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：同样是美国主导的亚太区域经济合作框架,TPP缘何在东盟国家的接受度较低而IPEF却能够得到广泛认可?文章基于传统的规范本土化理论提出“规范主动本土化”概念,强调美国是否主动将其倡导的国际规范进行本土化是影响甚至决定TPP和IPEF在东盟国家扩散成败的关键变量。在进行规范扩散之前,如果西方国家主动将其倡导的国际规范进行本土化,并采取利益诱导、认知塑造、制度嵌入、价值牵引等策略以迎合和融入地方规范,那么,地方行为体很可能接受外来规范,反之,则容易遭遇规范抵制、改造或取代。TPP与IPEF主导下的美式数字治理规范扩散至东盟国家后之所以得到不同回应,根本在于奥巴马政府并未主动进行规范本土化,而是一味根据美国的战略偏好将TPP中的美式数字治理规范强加给东盟国家;而拜登政府在依托IPEF推广美式数字治理规范之前就事先主动进行规范本土化,以最大限度地凝聚与东盟国家在数字治理领域的共识。对于中国而言,从规范主动本土化的视角来把握东盟国家战略选择的行为逻辑,对于应对IPEF的冲击进而塑造良好的地区数字治理秩序具有重要的现实意义。This study examines why ASEAN countries showed limited acceptance of the Trans-Pacific Partnership(TPP)but broadly embraced the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework(IPEF),despite both being U.S.-led Asia-Pacific regional economic cooperation frameworks.Building upon traditional norm localization theory,this paper introduces the concept of"proactive norm localization",arguing that the U.S.approach to localizing its international norms serves as the critical variable determining the success or failure of TPP and IPEF adoption within ASEAN countries.The study demonstrates that when nations actively localize their international norms before diffusion,employing strategies such as interest-based incentives,cognitive framing,institutional integration,and value alignment to harmonize with local norms,regional countries are more likely to accept external norms.Conversely,the absence of localization typically results in resistance,transformation or displacement.The contrasting regional responses to U.S.digital governance norms under TPP and IPEF primarily stem from different administrative approaches.The Obama administration imposed TPP's digital governance norms based on U.S.strategic preferences without active localization efforts.In contrast,the Biden administration proactively localized IPEF norms before implementation,maximizing consensus with ASEAN countries on digital governance frameworks.

关 键 词：规范主动本土化 TPP IPEF 美式数字治理 东盟国家 

分 类 号：F74[经济管理—国际贸易]