MBR工艺医院污水处理系统碳排放特征研究  

Carbon Emission Characteristics of Hospital Wastewater Treatment Systems Using MBR Process

作　　者：何俊卿 崔芳囡[2] 王曼 石磊[4] 程荣[1] 郑祥[1] HE Junqing;CUI Fangnan;WANG Man;SHI Lei;CHENG Rong;ZHENG Xiang(School of Chemistry and Life Resources,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;Internal Department,Beijing Renmin University Hospital,Beijing 100872,China;Beijing Haidian Hospital,Beijing 100080,China;School of Ecology&Environment,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学化学与生命资源学院,北京100872 [2]中国人民大学医院内科,北京100872 [3]北京市海淀医院,北京100080 [4]中国人民大学生态环境学院,北京100872

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2025年第2期243-252,共10页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.52470224);北京市自然科学基金项目(No.8232036)。

摘　　要：膜生物反应器(MBR)在以保障公共卫生和生态环境安全为重心的医院污水处理领域展现出独特优势。本研究基于排放因子法,核算采用MBR为主要工艺的医院污水处理系统(简称“MBR系统”)全流程碳排放,从碳排放角度探讨MBR工艺在医院污水处理中的适用性,并与另一类医院污水处理主流工艺-生物接触氧化法进行对比。结果表明:①MBR系统总体碳排放以间接碳排放为主,占比为70.26%;在所有类别碳排放来源中,电耗、化粪池、药耗碳排放和污水处理N_(2)O碳排放是MBR系统主要的碳排放来源,占比分别为62.29%、22.48%、7.98%和4.84%;化粪池碳排放占比远高于后续污水处理过程产生的直接碳排放。②MBR系统吨水碳排放强度〔(1.47±0.3)kg/m^(3))(以CO_(2)当量计)〕与生物接触氧化工艺处理系统(简称“BCO系统”)〔(1.57±0.18)kg/m^(3))〕相当,其去除单位NH_(3)-N碳排放强度〔(51.53±23.15)kg/kg)〕低于BCO系统〔(76.39±32.45)kg/kg〕。③MBR系统电耗碳排放强度高出BCO系统43.08%,但是药耗和污泥碳排放强度仅为BCO系统的75.39%和14.79%。④相比BCO系统,MBR系统消毒剂使用量和作为危险废物的污泥产量更少,减少了消毒和污泥处置带来的次生健康和环境风险。研究显示,在医院污水处理中,与应用广泛的生物接触氧化工艺相比,MBR工艺不仅具有明显的公共卫生安全和生态环境效益,碳排放水平也略低于BCO工艺,可以作为医院污水处理的优选工艺。Membrane bioreactor(MBR)has unique advantages in hospital wastewater treatment,which focuses on protecting public health and ecological environment safety.Based on the emission factor method,this study calculated the full-process carbon emissions of hospital wastewater treatment systems using MBR technology(referred to as‘MBR system’).The applicability of MBR in hospital wastewater treatment was discussed from the perspective of carbon emissions and compared it with bio-contact oxidation(BCO)process,another mainstream process in hospital wastewater treatment.The results showed that:(1)The total carbon emission of MBR system is mainly indirect carbon emission,accounting for 70.26%.Among all types of carbon emission sources,power consumption,septic tank,medical consumption and N_(2)O emission from sewage treatment were the main carbon emission sources of MBR system,accounting for 62.29%,22.48%,7.98%and 4.84%,respectively.Notably,carbon emissions from septic tank far exceed the carbon emissions from the subsequent wastewater treatment processes.(2)The carbon emission intensity of the MBR system per ton of wastewater treated((1.47±0.3)kg/m^(3),expressed in CO_(2)equivalents)is comparable to that of the BCO system((1.57±0.18)kg/m^(3)).However,the carbon emission intensity per unit of NH_(3)-N removed for the MBR system((51.53±23.15)kg/kg2)is lower than that of the BCO system((76.39±32.45)kg/kg2).(3)The carbon emissions from electricity consumption in the MBR system are 43.08%higher than those in the BCO system,but emissions from chemical use and sludge are only 75.39%and 14.79%of those in the BCO system,respectively.(4)Compared with the BCO systems,the MBR systems requires less disinfectant and produces less hazardous sludge,reducing secondary health and environmental risks associated with disinfection and sludge disposal.The study indicates that MBR system has significant public health and ecological benefits in hospital wastewater treatment,while its carbon emissions are slightly lower than those of the BCO

关 键 词：医院污水 碳排放 膜生物反应器(MBR) 生物接触氧化 排放因子法 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]