长江口2022年水动力及营养盐时空分布规律模拟研究  

Numerical Modelling of Spatiotemporal Evolution of Hydrodynamics and Nutrients in the Yangtze Estuary in 2022

作　　者：谭皓月 曹慧群[1,2] 卢士强 周诗怡 李晓萌 燕爱玲 黄静 TAN Haoyue;CAO Huiqun;LU Shiqiang;ZHOU Shiyi;LI Xiaomeng;YAN Ailing;HUANG Jing(Water Environment Department,Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan 430010,China;Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Eco-Environmental Science of Hubei Province,Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan 430010,China;Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Water Environment Simulation and Ecological Restoration,Shanghai Academy of Environment Sciences,Shanghai 200233,China;College of Resources and Environment,Hubei University,Wuhan 430062,China)

机构地区：[1]长江科学院流域水环境研究所,湖北武汉430010 [2]长江科学院,流域水资源与生态环境科学湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉430010 [3]上海市环境科学研究院,上海水环境模拟与水生态修复工程技术研究中心,上海200233 [4]湖北大学资源与环境学院,湖北武汉430062

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2025年第2期272-281,共10页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：上海水环境模拟与水生态修复工程技术研究中心开放基金项目(No.WESER-202203);国家自然科学基金项目(No.52130903)。

摘　　要：为系统探究长江口及邻近海域水动力和营养盐的时空分布规律,本文综合考虑了风场、海表通量、入海径流、潮汐以及河口漫滩效应等因素,构建长江口及邻近海域的水动力水环境数学模型,分析了区域内水动力特征、氮磷营养盐时空分布以及二者之间的响应关系。结果表明:①长江口南支和杭州湾流速相对较小,在0.8 m/s以下,舟山岛北部岛屿间狭窄地带的流速较大,在1.5 m/s以上。②长江口DIN和PO_(4)^(3-)浓度低于杭州湾地区,除杭州湾丰、平水期DIN浓度略高于枯水期,整体上氮磷营养盐分布较为稳定。③杭州湾水质显著差于长江口地区,长江口水质基本维持在GB 3097-1997《海水水质标准》Ⅳ类及以上,杭州湾水质全年维持在劣Ⅳ类。④长江口近海DIN和PO_(4)^(3-)浓度主要受长江干流氮磷输入的控制,与径流量关系相对较小;杭州湾则同时受钱塘江氮磷输入和径流量变化的显著影响。研究显示,长江口水质普遍优于杭州湾,长江口和杭州湾的氮磷浓度主要受河流氮磷输入的影响,且受地形的差异化影响对入海径流量变化表现出不同的响应模式。This study systematically investigates the spatiotemporal distribution of hydrodynamics and nutrients in the Yangtze River estuary and adjacent seas.The research incorporates various factors including wind patterns,sea surface flux,river input,tidal effects,and estuarine flooding.By developing a comprehensive hydro-environmental model,the study analyzes hydrodynamic characteristics,spatial and temporal distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients,and the interplay between these factors.The results showed that:(1)The flow velocities in the southern branch of the Yangtze River Estuary and Hangzhou Bay are relatively low(below 0.8 m/s),while higher velocities(exceeding 1.5 m/s)are observed in the narrow channels between islands north of Zhoushan Island.(2)Dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN)and phosphate(PO_(4)^(3-))concentrations are lower in the Yangtze River estuary compared to Hangzhou Bay.The nutrient distribution remains relatively stable,with slightly higher DIN concentrations in Hangzhou Bay during high and normal flow periods compared to low flow periods.(3)The water quality of Hangzhou Bay is significantly worse than that of the Yangtze River estuary.The water quality of the Yangtze River estuary is basi cally maintained at Seawater Quality StandardsⅣ(GB 3097-1997)and above,while Hangzhou Bay consistently exhibits below ClassⅣquality throughout the year.(4)Offshore DIN and PO 43-concentrations near the Yangtze River Estuary are primarily influenced by river inputs,showing minimal correlation with runoff volume.Conversely,Hangzhou Bay is affected by both nitrogen and phosphorus inputs and runoff from the Qiantang River.The study showed that the water quality in the Yangtze River estuary was generally better than that in Hangzhou Bay.Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in the Yangtze River estuary and Hangzhou Bay were mainly affected by riverine nitrogen and phosphorus inputs,and showed different response patterns to changes in runoff into the sea due to the differentiation of topography.

关 键 词：长江口 水动力 氮磷营养盐 水环境模拟 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]