广东省集中式地表饮用水源地重金属污染分布特征与概率健康风险评估  

Distributional Characteristics and Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Centralized Surface Drinking Water Sources in Guangdong Province,China

作　　者：刘建莉 李学艳[1] 昌盛[2] 付青[2] 涂响[2] 朱崟莹 王恩瑞 白云松 LIU Jianli;LI Xueyan;CHANG Sheng;FU Qing;TU Xiang;ZHU Yinying;WANG Enrui;BAI Yunsong(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Suzhou University of Science and Technology,Suzhou 215009,China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;Suzhou Sujing Environmental Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Suzhou 215000,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州科技大学环境科学与工程学院,江苏苏州215009 [2]中国环境科学研究院,国家环境保护饮用水水源地保护重点实验室,北京100012 [3]苏州苏净环保工程有限公司,江苏苏州215000

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2025年第2期282-293,共12页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2021YFC3200804-02)。

摘　　要：为了解广东省集中式地表饮用水源地(简称“地表水源地”)的重金属污染现状,本文基于2017-2022年广东省内132个地表水源地中11种重金属〔铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、硒(Se)、汞(Hg)、六价铬(Cr^(6+))、铁(Fe)、钼(Mo)、钴(Co)、铍(Be)、硼(B)和铊(Tl)〕数据,分析其时空分布特征,并应用重金属污染指数(HPI)评估地表水源地的污染水平,同时使用蒙特卡洛法评估重金属对不同人群的健康风险。结果表明:①广东省地表水源地的重金属污染总体处于低水平,其中Tl和Hg是HPI指数的主要贡献者。②Cr^(6+)和Hg的检出率最低,分别为9.13%和27.29%,其余9种重金属的检出率介于72.05%~92.45%之间,所有目标金属的检测浓度均低于GB 3838-2002《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅲ类标准限值。③对检出率大于70%的前9种重金属的时空分布进行分析发现,Cu、Zn、Fe、Mo、Co和Be的浓度总体上呈持续下降趋势,而B的浓度则呈上升趋势,Se和Tl的浓度保持稳定。不同地区重金属的浓度存在显著差异,粤西地区Se、B、Fe、Mo、Zn和Co的浓度较高,粤北地区Se、B、Fe、Zn和Tl的浓度较高,粤东地区Mo、Co、Cu和Be的浓度较高,珠三角地区Se、B和Tl的浓度较高。④所调查的重金属未构成致癌风险,而部分地表水源地中重金属存在潜在的非致癌风险,其中Co和Fe是主要贡献者。此外,皮肤接触引发的致癌和非致癌风险远低于经口摄入途径的风险。⑤敏感性分析表明,重金属浓度是影响非致癌和致癌风险的主要因素。研究显示,广东省地表水源地重金属污染总体处于低水平,区域间的浓度差异及潜在的非致癌风险仍需持续关注,以确保饮用水质量的安全和有效管理。The study evaluates heavy metal pollution in centralized surface drinking water sources(surface water sources)in Guangdong Province by analyzing the spatial and temporal distribution of 11 heavy metals:copper,zinc,selenium,mercury,hexavalent chromium,iron,molybdenum,cobalt,beryllium,boron,and thallium.Data from 132 centralized surface water sources within Guangdong Province(2017-2022)were analyzed using the Heavy Metal Pollution Index(HPI)to assess pollution levels.Monte Carlo simulation was used to evaluate the health risks of heavy metals to different populations.The results showed that:(1)Heavy metal pollution in surface water sources in Guangdong Province was generally low,with thallium and mercury as the main contributors to the HPI index.(2)The detection rates of chromium and mercury were the lowest,at 9.13%and 27.29%,respectively.In contrast,the detection rates of the other heavy metals ranged from 72.05%to 92.45%.All detected metal concentrations were below the Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water(GB 3838-2002)ClassⅢlimits.(3)Analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution of the top nine heavy metals with detection rates above 70%revealed that concentrations of copper,zinc,iron,molybdenum,cobalt,and beryllium generally decreased continuously.In contrast,boron concentrations increased,and selenium and thallium concentrations remained stable.Significant regional variations were observed in heavy metal concentrations.Selenium,boron,iron,molybdenum,zinc,and cobalt were the highest in western Guangdong;selenium,boron,iron,zinc,and thallium were most concentrated in northern Guangdong.The highest concentrations of molybdenum,cobalt,copper,and beryllium were in eastern Guangdong.The concentrations of selenium,boron,and thallium reached peak levels in the Pearl River Delta.(4)The investigated heavy metals did not pose a carcinogenic risk.However,some metals in surface water sources pose potential non-carcinogenic risks,primarily from cobalt and iron.Additionally,the carcinogenic and non-carcinoge

关 键 词：广东省 地表水源地 重金属 分布特征 人体健康风险评估 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程]