高潜水位煤矿区人类活动净氮、净磷输入特征及其影响因素  

Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Net Anthropogenic Nitrogen and Phosphorus Input in High Groundwater Coal Mining Area

作　　者：于孝坤 范廷玉[1,2,3] 项鸿志 王兴明 陈孝杨[1,3] YU Xiaokun;FAN Tingyu;XIANG Hongzhi;WANG Xingming;CHEN Xiaoyang(School of Earth and Environment,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan 232001,China;Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Coal Resources Green Mining,Ministry of Education,Urumqi 830000,China;State Key Laboratory for Safe Mining of Deep Coal Resources and Environment Protection,Huainan 232001,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽理工大学地球与环境学院,安徽淮南232001 [2]新疆煤炭资源绿色开采教育部重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830000 [3]深部煤炭安全开采与环境保护全国重点实验室,安徽淮南232001

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2025年第2期332-343,共12页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：安徽省高等学校科学研究项目(No.2023AH051225)。

摘　　要：人类活动产生的氮、磷过量输入是水体富营养化的主要原因。为推动高潜水位煤矿区水资源综合开发利用,以“人-煤-粮-水”多因素复合的淮南矿区为研究区域,基于人类活动净氮输入(net anthropogenic nitrogen input,NANI)、人类活动净磷输入(netanthropogenic phosphorus input,NAPI)模型,揭示了该区域2000-2022年人为源氮、磷输入时空演变特征及组成结构变化,利用Mantel检验及归因分析筛选了影响因素并量化了其贡献率大小,提出了氮、磷综合控制策略。结果表明:①2000-2022年,淮南矿区NANI随时间呈双峰变化趋势,而NAPI呈现先增长后下降趋势,NANI、NAPI多年平均值分别为24137.68、12882.11kg/(km^(2)·a),与国内外其他地区相比,均处于较高水平。②淮南矿区NANI、NAPI整体呈现西低东高的分布特征,具有显著空间异质性(P<0.01),这主要与人口密度、农业活动强度变化有关。③化肥施用在NANI、NAPI组成结构中占比最大,对NANI、NAPI的多年平均贡献率分别为78.87%、88.77%;作物氮固定、食物/饲料磷输入分别是NANI、NAPI的第二来源,多年平均贡献率分别为9.31%、9.73%。④社会因素对NANI、NAPI变化的影响最大,平均贡献率分别为45.09%、51.48%;其次是农业因素,平均贡献率分别为38.76%、36.56%;经济因素对NANI、NAPI变化的影响最小,平均贡献率分别为16.15%、11.96%。因此,淮南矿区应重点控制东部区域氮、磷负荷,开发新的产业经济发展模式,调整农业种植模式,推进肥料科学施用是淮南矿区控制氮、磷输入的有效途径。Excessive nitrogen and phosphorus inputs from human activities are the primary causes of eutrophication in water bodies.To facilitate the comprehensive development and utilization of water resources in high groundwater coal mining area,studies were conducted in the Huainan mining area,which is affected by multiple factors including‘human-coal-grain-water’.This study,based on net anthropogenic nitrogen input(NANI)and net anthropogenic phosphorus input(NAPI)models,reveals the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and compositional structure changes of anthropogenic nitrogen and phosphorus input in the Huainan mining area between 2000 and 2022.The Mantel test and attribution analysis were used to identify influencing factors and quantify their contribution rates.Based on the findings,comprehensive strategies for nitrogen and phosphorus control were proposed.The results showed that:(1)From 2000 to 2022,NANI in the Huainan mining area exhibited a bimodal temporal trend over time,whereas NAPI showed an initial increase followed by a decline.The multi-year average values of NANI and NAPI were 24,137.68 kg/(km^(2)·a)and 12,882.11 kg/(km^(2)·a),respectively.NANI and NAPI were at a relatively high level compared to other regions,both domestically and internationally.(2)NANI and NAPI in the Huainan mining area generally displayed a west-low-east-high distribution pattern,with significant spatial heterogeneity(P<0.01).This was primarily attributed to differences in population density and the intensity of agricultural activities.(3)Fertilizer application accounted for the largest proportion in the composition of NANI and NAPI,and the average contribution rates to NANI and NAPI were 78.87%and 88.77%,respectively.Crop nitrogen fixation and phosphorus in net food and feed input served as secondary sources for NANI and NAPI,the average contribution rates to NANI and NAPI were 9.31%and 9.73%,respectively.(4)Social factors contributed the most to the changes in NANI and NAPI,with average contribution rates of 45.09%and 51.

关 键 词：淮南高潜水位煤矿区 人类活动净氮输入(NANI) 人类活动净磷输入(NAPI) 归因分析 时空演变 影响因素 

分 类 号：X501[环境科学与工程—环境工程]