嵌入式系统的需求描述综述  

Survey on Requirements Description of Embedded System

作　　者：陈小红[1] 刘少彬 金芝[2,3] CHEN Xiao-Hong;LIU Shao-Bin;JIN Zhi(Shanghai Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Computing(East China Normal University),Shanghai 200062,China;Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies(Peking University),Ministry of Education,Beijing 100871,China;School of Computer Science,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市高可信计算重点实验室(华东师范大学),上海200062 [2]高可信软件技术教育部重点实验室(北京大学),北京100871 [3]北京大学计算机学院,北京100871

出　　处：《软件学报》2025年第1期27-46,共20页Journal of Software

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(62192731,62272166,62192730)。

摘　　要：随着嵌入式系统的广泛应用,其需求正变得越来越复杂,需求分析成为嵌入式系统开发的关键阶段,如何准确地建模和描述需求成为首要问题.系统地调研嵌入式系统的需求描述,并进行全面的比较分析,以便更深入地理解嵌入式系统需求的核心关注点.首先采用系统化文献综述方法,对1979年1月–2023年11月间发表的相关文献进行识别、筛选、汇总和分析.通过自动检索和滚雪球等检索过程,筛选出150篇与主题密切相关的文献,力求文献综述的全面性.其次,从需求描述关注点、需求描述维度、需求分析要素等方面,分析现有嵌入式需求描述语言的表达能力.最后,总结现有嵌入式系统软件需求描述所面临的挑战,并针对嵌入式软件智能合成任务,提出对嵌入式系统需求描述方法表达能力的要求.As embedded systems are widely applied,their requirements are becoming increasingly complex,making requirements analysis a critical stage in embedded system development.How to correctly describe and model requirements has become a primary issue.This study systematically investigates the current requirements descriptions of embedded systems and conducts a comprehensive comparative analysis to deepen the understanding of the core concerns of embedded system requirements.The study first applies the systematic literature review method to identify,retrieve,summarize,and analyze the relevant literature published between January 1979 and November 2023.Through the automatic retrieval and snowball processes,150 papers closely related to the topic are finally selected for the comprehensiveness of the review.The study analyzes the existing capabilities of embedded requirements description languages from their description concerns,description contents,requirements analysis elements,etc.Finally,it summarizes the challenges to the current requirements descriptions.Moreover,aiming at the task of intelligent synthesis of embedded software,it puts forward the need for the expressive ability of embedded system requirement description languages.

关 键 词：嵌入式系统 需求描述 需求描述语言 需求分析 系统需求 

分 类 号：TP311[自动化与计算机技术—计算机软件与理论]