我国医疗纠纷预防和处理立法70年制度走向与理念遵循  

Seventy years of legislative evolution and guiding principles in the prevention and handing of medical disputes in China

作　　者：王龙 曹文奕 董昕 阚凯 郑雪倩[4] WANG Long;CAO Wenyi;DONG Xin;KAN Kai;ZHENG Xueqian(Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University,Xi'an,Shaanxi Province,710005,PRC)

机构地区：[1]西安医学院第二附属医院,陕西省西安市710005 [2]辽宁中医药大学,辽宁省沈阳市110847 [3]大连医科大学人文与社会科学学院,辽宁省大连市116044 [4]中国医院协会医疗法制专业委员会,北京市100034

出　　处：《中国医院》2025年第3期1-6,共6页Chinese Hospitals

基　　金：国家卫生健康委员会医疗应急司课题。

摘　　要：医疗纠纷预防和处理立法历经近70年的发展演变,实现了从制度萌芽到体系成熟的蜕变,在法律体系日益完善的同时也展现出较为清晰的制度走向和理念遵循。目前已逐渐形成了纠纷倾向预防、风险保险分担、矛盾着力调解以及鉴定同行评议等制度设计思路,核心的价值理念源于保护医患权益、实质化解纠纷、多元分担风险及促进行业发展。回顾医疗纠纷预防和处理的立法进程,可看出立法不仅契合了国内法治建设的进程,更映射了社会变革和矛盾转变。未来需继续探索适应国家战略需求的法律制度,在夯实医疗卫生法律自主知识体系的基础上,打造具有中国特色纠纷化解的“中国范式”。Over the past 70 years,the legislation on the prevention and handing of medical disputes in China has evolved from its initial development to a mature legal system.While the legal framework has been continuously refined,clear institutional trends and guiding principles have emerged.Current legislative approaches include a focus on dispute prevention,risk-sharing through insurance,mediation as a key resolution mechanism,and expert peer review in medical assessments.The core values underlying these developments emphasize protecting the rights of both patients and healthcare providers,substantively resolving disputes,distributing risks through multiple channels,and fostering industry development.Reviewing the legislative progress in this field reveals that the legal framework not only aligns with China’s legal modernization but also reflects broader societal transformations and evolving conflicts.Looking ahead,further exploration is needed to develop a legal system that meets national strategic needs,consolidating an independent legal knowledge system in medical law and establishing a"China paradigm"for dispute resolution with distinct Chinese characteristics.

关 键 词：医疗纠纷 纠纷预防 纠纷处理 法律制度 法律价值 

分 类 号：R197.3[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]