基于改进两步移动搜索法的重庆市三甲医院可达性分析  

Accessibility analysis of Grade III Level A hospitals in Chongqing based on an improved two-step floating catchment area method

作　　者：刘会秋 陈长瑶[1] 李君[2] LIU Huiqiu;CHEN Changyao;LI Jun(Faculty of Geography,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming,Yunnan Province,650500,PRC)

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学地理学部,云南省昆明市650500 [2]云南师范大学经济学院,云南省昆明市650500

出　　处：《中国医院》2025年第3期64-66,共3页Chinese Hospitals

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(71804160);国家自然科学基金项目(41761031)。

摘　　要：目的:以重庆市为研究单元,梳理大型城市三甲医院卫生资源分布公平性及医院的可达性规律,为三甲医院布局规划提供参考。方法:采用空间自相关分析、基尼系数和集聚度分析重庆市三甲医院医疗卫生资源的空间分布公平性,利用改进的两步移动搜索法测算医疗服务设施的空间可达性,并探讨影响重庆市三甲医院空间可达性的主要因素。结果:重庆市三甲医院的分布具有明显的空间自相关性;床位资源的基尼系数从人口分布和地理分布分别为0.56和0.82;卫生资源集聚度与人口集聚度的比值为0~11;重庆市三甲医院的可达性受到人口维度、地区维度以及经济维度因素的影响。结论:重庆市三甲医院资源分布集中于主城区,空间可达性呈1个主中心、多个副中心的格局,空间可达性差异大。建议通过不断优化三甲医院的空间布局以满足城乡居民对三甲医院医疗卫生资源的需求。Objective:Taking Chongqing as the study unit,this research examines the fairness of health resource distribution and the accessibility patterns of Grade III Level A hospitals in large cities,providing references for hospital layout planning.Methods:Spatial autocorrelation analysis,Gini coefficient,and agglomeration degree were used to assess the spatial distribution equity of healthcare resources in Chongqing's Grade III Level A hospitals.The improved two-step floating catchment area(2SFCA)method was applied to calculate the spatial accessibility of medical service facilities,and the main factors influencing hospital accessibility were explored.Results:The distribution of Grade III Level A hospitals in Chongqing exhibited significant spatial autocorrelation.The Gini coefficient for hospital bed resources was 0.56 and 0.82 based on population and geographical distribution,respectively.The ratio of health resource agglomeration to population agglomeration ranged from 0 to 11.The accessibility of Grade III Level A hospitals was influenced by population,regional,and economic factors.Conclusion:The distribution of Grade III Level A hospitals in Chongqing is concentrated in the main urban area,showing a spatial pattern of one primary center and multiple secondary centers,with significant differences in spatial accessibility.It is recommended to continuously optimize the spatial layout of Grade III Level A hospitals to meet the medical needs of urban and rural residents.

关 键 词：医院 卫生资源 集聚度 两步移动搜索法 空间可达性 

分 类 号：R197.3[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]