汽车制造企业噪声作业工人听力损失及高血压影响因素的研究——听力损失与高血压的关系  

A study on the factors influencing hearing loss and hypertension in noise-exposed workers in automobile manufacturing enterprises:The association between hearing loss and hypertension

作　　者：李燕茹[1] 方文馨 谢春姣[1] 段丹萍[1] 汤永翔 白卢皙[1] 丘丛玺[1] 梁灿坤 周海林[1] LI Yanru;FANG Wenxin;XIE Chunjiao;DUAN Danping;TANG Yongxiang;BAI Luxi;QIU Congxi;LIANG Cankun;ZHOU Hailin(Guangzhou Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Hospital,Guangdong 510620,China)

机构地区：[1]广州市职业病防治院,广东510620 [2]暨南大学基础医学与公共卫生学院,510632

出　　处：《工业卫生与职业病》2025年第1期19-26,共8页Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：广州市市校(院)企联合资助专题(2023A03J0979);广东省医学科学技术研究基金项目(A2023396)。

摘　　要：目的分析职业性噪声听力损失及接噪工人高血压患病的可能影响因素,探究职业噪声致双耳听力损失及高血压的相关性。方法采用横断面研究,线下问卷收集研究对象基本情况、个人史、职业史及暴露情况,体检获得其血压和心电图结果。将研究对象按听力分组分为听力正常组及听力损失组;按血压分组分为血压正常组及高血压组。对听力分组、血压分组间的差异及影响因素进行统计分析。结果2605名接噪工人的双耳听力损失检出率为18.89%,高血压检出率为3.45%。高血压检出率在听力分组间比较,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=1.201,P=0.273)。非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,听力损失的影响因素为年龄、累积噪声暴露量(cumulative noise exposure,CNE)、工作制;高血压的影响因素为BMI、防护措施、重金属暴露。结论噪声暴露是接噪工人双耳听力损失主要因素,肥胖是接噪工人高血压患病的主要因素。尚未发现职业噪声接触的中青年工人双耳听力损失与高血压间具有相关性,这需要在接噪工龄长人群中进一步验证。Objective To analyze the possible influencing factors of occupational noise-indnced hearing loss and hypertension among noise-exposed workers,and to explore the correlation of hearing loss caused by occupational noise with hypertension.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect basic information,personal history,occupational history,and exposure status of the research subjects through offline questionnaires.Blood pressure and electrocardiogram results were obtained through physical examinations.The pure tone hearing threshold test groups is divided into normal hearing group and hearing loss group;The blood pressure measurement groups are divided into normal blood pressure group and hypertension group.This study conducted a statistical analysis on the differences and influencing factors between the pure tone hearing threshold test groups and the blood pressure measurement groups.Results The detection rates of hearing loss in both ears and hypertension among 2605 noise exposure workers were 18.89%and 3.45%,respectively.There was no statistically significant difference in the detection rate of hypertension between hearing groups(χ^(2)=1.201,P=0.273),and after unconditional logistic regression model docking noise workers'hearing loss and hypertension risk factors,it was found that the influencing factors of hearing loss were age,(cumulative noise exposure,CNE),and working system.The influencing factors of hypertension are BMI,protective measures,and heavy metal exposure.Conclusion Noise exposure was the main factor of hearing loss in both ears of noise-exposed workers,and obesity was the main factor of hypertension among noise-exposed workers.No correlation between hearing loss in both ears and hypertension in young and middle-aged workers exposed to occupational noise has been found,and the correlation between noise exposure and hypertension needs to be further verified in people with long working years of noise exposure.

关 键 词：噪声 听力损失 高血压 危险因素 汽车制造企业 

分 类 号：R135.8[医药卫生—劳动卫生]