某金属结构制造企业噪声暴露水平分析及听力损失风险评估  

Analysis of noise exposure levels and assessment of hearing loss risk in a metal products manufacturing enterprise

作　　者：余鸿林 顾玥 邓悠娴 陈家隆 何金铜 YU Honglin;GU Yue;DENG Youxian;CHEN Jialong;HE Jintong(The third people's hospital of Zhuhai,Occupational Health Department,Guangdong 519000,China)

机构地区：[1]珠海市第三人民医院职业卫生科,广东519000 [2]广东医科大学公共卫生学院

出　　处：《工业卫生与职业病》2025年第1期27-30,66,共5页Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：2024年珠海市社会发展领域科技计划项目(2420004000238)。

摘　　要：目的分析珠三角某金属结构制造企业工人的噪声职业暴露水平,评估噪声所致听力损失风险,指导该类企业进行职业卫生管理。方法对企业各岗位进行噪声暴露测量和对367名噪声作业工人进行职业健康检查,分析不同特征工人听力异常情况和工作场所噪声暴露水平,对各岗位工人噪声所致听力损失进行风险评估。结果该企业打磨、焊接、喷漆、组立四种工作岗位噪声8 h等效声级均超过85 dB(A),超标率100%,工作地点操作位正常作业时场所噪声强度均超过90 dB(A)。367名工人中平均高频听阈异常人员72例,异常率为19.62%;语频听阈异常44例,异常率为11.44%。随着年龄、工龄的增长,平均高频听阈异常率、语频听阈异常率都呈现升高的趋势。经评估,打磨、焊接、组立岗位的工人听力损失风险程度呈现较高风险或高风险,同岗位工人听力损失风险随年龄、工龄增加而增加。结论该金属结构制造企业职业卫生管理混乱,噪声危害严重,建议加强职业卫生管理,落实用人单位职业病防治主体责任,根据评估结果落实听力保护行动,加强工程控制措施,加强健康监护,保护工人职业健康。Objective To analyze the level of noise exposure of workers in a metal structure manufacturing enterprise in the Pearl River Delta,and assess the risk of noise-induced hearing loss so as to guide the occupational health management of such enterprises.Methods The noise intensity of each noise position in a metal structure manufacturing enterprise was measured.Occupational health examination was performed on 367 noise-exposed workers.Then,the prevalence of hearing impairments among workers with varying demographic and occupational characteristics was evaluated,and the risk of noise-induced hearing loss of workers in different positions was evaluated.Results The noise L_(EX,8 h)of four types of positions in this enterprise were more than 85 dB(A),and the over-standard rate was 100%.The noise intensity of the operating position in the workplace were more than 90 dB(A)during normal operation.Among 367 workers,the average abnormal rate of high-frequency hearing threshold was 19.62%.The abnormal rate of speech frequency hearing threshold was 11.44%.With the increase of age and working years,the abnormal rate of hearing loss risk showed an upward trend.The assessment results exhibited that the risk of hearing loss for workers in the grinding,welding,and assembly positions shows a relatively high risk or high risk.Moreover,the risk of hearing loss of workers in the same position increased with age and working years.Conclusion The occupational health management of this metal product manufacturing enterprise is disorderly,and the noise hazard is serious.The recommendations are as follows:to strengthen occupational health management,implement the main responsibility of occupational disease prevention and control of employers,implement hearing protection actions,strengthen engineering control measures,and strengthen health surveillance to protect workers'occupational health.

关 键 词：金属结构制造业 噪声 职业健康检查 听力损失风险评估 

分 类 号：R192.6[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]