云南鸡足山的圣地塑造所体现的多民族文化交流  

Multi-ethnic Cultural Exchanges Reflected in the Shaping of the Sacred Site of Jizu Mountain in Yunnan

作　　者：张宁[1] ZHANG Ning

机构地区：[1]《中国藏学》编辑部

出　　处：《中国藏学》2024年第6期166-173,219,共9页China Tibetology

摘　　要：位于云南省大理东部的鸡足山,是古今闻名的佛教圣地。然而在明朝之前,当地甚至没有“鸡足山”这个山名,而是称为“青巅山”“九曲山”,等等。明初之后,此山被认为是佛教典籍中所说的迦叶尊者守衣入定之地,这一转变其实是受《白古通记》汉译本流传影响的结果,由此影响到官方志书的记载,从而将云南鸡足山构造为一处佛教圣地。明朝时期藏传佛教噶举派在云南的传播,尤其是六世夏玛巴曲吉旺秋、十世噶玛巴曲英多吉、司徒班钦·曲吉迥乃等高僧在云南的活动及其与当地社会的互动,对于鸡足山圣地形象的传播和相关圣地叙事的补充起到了关键作用。鸡足山圣地的塑造与形成,正是我国历史上尤其是明朝以来包括白、汉、藏民族在内的多民族文化交往交流的结果,也是佛教中国化的重要历史见证。Jizu Mountain,located in the east of Dali,Yunnan Province,is a well-known Buddhist holy land in ancient and modern times.However,before the Ming Dynasty,there was not even the name“Jizu Mountain”locally.Instead,it was called“Qingdian Mountain”,“Jiuqu Mountain”,etc.After the early Ming Dynasty,this mountain was regarded as the place where Mahākāśyapa held the robe and entered samādhi as described in Buddhist scriptures.This transformation was actually the result of the influence of the Chinese translation of Baigu Tongji,which in turn affected the records in official local chronicles,thus constructing Jizu Mountain in Yunnan as a Buddhist holy land.During the Ming Dynasty,the spread of the Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism in Yunnan,especially the activities of eminent monks such as the 6th Zhwa-dmar-pa Chos-kyidBang-phyug,the 10th Karma-pa Chos-dbyingsrDo-rje,and Situ Panchen Chos-kyivByung-gnas in Yunnan and their interactions with local society,played a crucial role in the dissemination of the holy land image of Jizu Mountain and the supplementation of relevant holy land narratives.The shaping and formation of the holy land of Jizu Mountain are the result of the cultural exchanges among multiple ethnic groups,including the Bai,Han,and Tibetan ethnic groups,especially since the Ming Dynasty in Chinese history.It is also an important historical witness to the development of Buddhism in the Chinese context.

关 键 词：鸡足山 圣地塑造 多民族文化交流 佛教中国化 

分 类 号：K281[历史地理—历史学]