唐宋吐蕃故实与民族交往:参与实践者的历史考察  

Historical Events of Tubo in the Tang and Song Dynasties and Ethnic Interactions:A Historical Observation from the Perspective of Participants

作　　者：王挺 朱映占[2] WANG Ting;ZHU Ying-zhan

机构地区：[1]四川大学中国藏学研究所,成都610064 [2]云南大学民族学与社会学学院,昆明650091

出　　处：《中国藏学》2024年第6期146-156,218-219,共13页China Tibetology

摘　　要：唐宋时期,吐蕃及其后继者与中原王朝之间,有和亲、战争、会盟、互市等多种交往形式,对于其中的参与者,除了家喻户晓的文成公主,以及少数在正史中有专门记载的王侯将相、使者之外,其他人大都鲜有记载也鲜为人知。然而,这些不为人知却也参与了唐宋王朝与吐蕃交往的人,穿梭于中央王朝与吐蕃之间,与其他参与者一起共同构筑了唐宋王朝与吐蕃交往交流交融的桥梁。令人欣慰的是,通过钩沉史书,梳理唐宋时期的诗文、笔记小说等,还是能发现在唐宋王朝与吐蕃交流互动中,那些被忽略已久的鲜活个体。比如唐代的吕温、宋代的刘涣,他们陷蕃或入蕃之后皆栖心释教,在蕃经年累月,对吐蕃的风物、习俗了然于胸。更为活跃的是“译语”,他们或是随军出行边塞,代为问答边疆民族语言,或是应对四方来朝时言语不通、风俗有别的“蕃客”。可以说,唐宋史书、诗文和笔记小说记载的因不同缘由入蕃的使者、沟通汉藏的译语的典型个案,为唐宋中央王朝与吐蕃地方的交往交流交融的史实提供了丰富的细节,共同书写了立体的历史。因此,通过唐宋史书、诗文和笔记小说对于吐蕃的记述,探寻唐宋中央王朝与吐蕃地方交往交流交融的具体细节丰富了我们对中华民族多元一体历史的认识。During the Tang and Song dynasties,there were various forms of interactions between Tubo and its successors and the Central Plains dynasties,including inter-marriages,wars,alliances,and trade fairs.Among the participants,apart from the well-known Princess Wencheng and a few princes,generals,and envoys specifically recorded in official histories,most others are scarcely documented and little-known.However,these unknown individuals who also participated in the interactions between the Tang and Song dynasties and Tubo shuttled between the Central Plains and Tubo,jointly building a bridge for the exchanges,interactions,and integrations between the Tang and Song dynasties and Tubo.Fortunately,by delving into historical records,sorting out poems,essays,and anecdotal novels from the Tang and Song dynasties,we can still discover those vivid individuals who had long been overlooked in the exchanges and interactions between the Tang and Song dynasties and Tubo,for example,Lv Wen in the Tang Dynasty and Liu Huan in the Song Dynasty.After being trapped in or entering Tubo,they both immersed themselves in Buddhism.Having stayed in Tubo for years,they were well-acquainted with Tubo’s scenery,customs,and habits.Even more active were the“interpreters”.They either accompanied the army to the border areas,helping to translate the languages of border ethnic groups,or dealt with“Tubo guests”who had language barriers and different customs when coming to pay homage to the Central Plains.It can be said that the typical cases of envoys who entered Tubo for different reasons and interpreters who bridged the Han and Tibetan languages,as recorded in the historical records,poems,essays,and anecdotal novels of the Tang and Song dynasties,provided rich details for the historical facts of the exchanges,interactions,and integrations between the Tang and Song dynastiesand Tubo,jointly writing a three-dimensional history.Therefore,by exploring the specific details of the exchanges,interactions,and integrations between the Tang and Song

关 键 词：唐宋王朝 吐蕃历史 民族交往 中华民族 

分 类 号：I207.41[文学—中国文学]