清中期《大清律例》在西藏的实践——以嘉庆西藏郭达案为例  

The Practice of the Qing Legal Code(Da Qing Lv Li) in Xizang:Taking the Case of Guo Da in Xizang in the Jiaqing Period as an Example

作　　者：李格非 LI Ge-fei

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国学院,北京100872

出　　处：《中国藏学》2024年第5期135-144,218,共11页China Tibetology

基　　金：国家社科基金专项重大项目“清代雍正、乾隆、嘉庆朝驻藏大臣汉文文献整理与研究(子课题)”(课题编号:20231GS)项目的阶段性成果

摘　　要：文章以《清代西藏地方档案文献选编》中14件档案记载的嘉庆西藏郭达案为例,发掘清中期国家法在西藏的运用,探索清廷中央对西藏的统治权威。文章重新整理案件相关档案的纪年与先后顺序,在此基础上理清案件始末与侦办过程。文章发现,该案中对西藏普通民人和渎职官吏的判罚均以《大清律例》为依据,印证了《大清律例》于清代中期已在西藏实施,并非直到晚清才推行到西藏。该案自案发至审判都处于清廷中央的监控与督促之下,案件侦办与处置的全过程贯穿着清廷中央的意志,说明西藏深度融入了清朝中央集权的统治秩序当中。案件判罚结果体现国家法权威,司法过程彰显中央集权,二者共同从律法实施角度证明了清中期清廷中央对西藏的实际管控与深入统治。The practice of the Qing Legal Code(Da Qing Lv Li) in Xizang during the middle Qing Dynasty has not been widely discussed in the academic circle.The article takes the case of Guo Da in Xizang during the Jiaqing period,which is recorded in fourteen files of the Selected Documents of Tibetan Local Archives of the Qing Dynasty,as an example to discover the application of the national law in Xizang in the middle Qing Dynasty,and to explore the authority of the central government of the Qing Dynasty over Xizang.The article rearranges the chronology and sequence of the files related to the case,so as to clarify the beginning and the end of the case as well as the investigating and handling process of the case.The article finds that the punishments of ordinary Tibetans and malpractice officials were based on the Qing Legal Code(Da Qing Lv Li).This confirms that the Qing Legal Code(Da Qing Lv Li) was already in force in Xizang in the middle Qing Dynasty,instead of being introduced to Xizang until the late Qing Dynasty.Moreover,the case was under the control and supervision of the central government of the Qing Dynasty from the time of its occurrence to the trial,and the will of the central government was present throughout the whole process of investigation and disposition of the case,which demonstrated that Xizang had already been deeply integrated into the centralized ruling order of the Qing Dynasty.The judgement of the case reflects the authority of the national law,while the judicial process highlights the centralization of power.Both of them prove the actual control and in-depth rule of the central government over Xizang in the middle Qing Dynasty from the perspective of the implementation of the law.

关 键 词：《大清律例》 清中期 西藏 郭达案 

分 类 号：K263[历史地理—历史学]