吐蕃铜钟研究  

Study on the Bronze Bells from Tubo

作　　者：夏吾卡先[1] Sha-bo mKhav-byams

机构地区：[1]西藏大学中华民族共同体研究院,拉萨850000

出　　处：《中国藏学》2024年第5期43-50,214,共9页China Tibetology

基　　金：西藏社科联2023年“揭榜挂帅”重大课题项目“考古视域中的西藏和祖国关系史研究”(项目编号:23XZLJBGS03)阶段性成果之一

摘　　要：吐蕃时期铜钟目前发现有7口,分别是西藏山南桑耶寺钟、昌珠寺钟、敦煌藏查叶巴寺钟、日喀则扎西岗乡恰雄寺钟、不丹王国贡确松寺钟、青海博物馆藏敦煌索允钟和兰州私人藏者龙噶丹兴庆寺钟。7口铜钟的出现以及流传是中原与青藏高原文化交往交流交融的重要物证。文章在系统梳理前人研究成果的基础上,汇总每一口铜钟的本体形态特征,结合新刊布的铜钟资料,将这些吐蕃铜钟放置在文化交流与传播的宏大背景下予以考察,指出这些铜钟多钟肩平缓,不见撞座,浅波曲口,在形制上完全承袭了唐式北方型铜钟,在钟壁上饰简单的祈愿文亦源自唐式铜钟;部分铜钟的具体形态如四道波曲、莲瓣纹、联珠纹样等特征体现了青藏高原地方元素的融入;主要铜钟的铸造时段和铸造人基本与经河西走廊向吐蕃腹地禅宗传播者摩诃衍及他的弟子相关。Seven bronze bells from Tubo period have been found so far,namely the bell of bSam-yas monastery,the bell of Khra-vbrug monastery,the bell of Brag-yer-pa monastery,the bell of Qiaxiong monastery,the Soyun Bell collected in the Qinghai Province Museum,the bell of Xingqing monastery collected by private,and the bell of dKon-mchog-gsum monastery in Bhutan.The appearance and spread of the seven bronze bells are an important material evidence of the cultural exchanges between the Central Plains and the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.On the basis of systematic review of previous research results,this paper summarizes the physical characteristics of each bronze bell,and combined with the newly published data of the bronze bell,places these Tubo bronze bells in the grand background of cultural exchange and dissemination for investigation.It points out that these bronze bells have flat shoulders,no collision,shallow curved mouth,and completely inherit the northern type of Tang style bronze bells in shape and structure.The simple prayer inscription on the wall of the bell is also derived from the Tang style brass bell.The specific forms of some brass bells,such as four waves,lotus petals,beads and other features,reflect the integration of local elements of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.The casting time and foundry of the main brass bells are basically related to Mahayan and his disciples,who propagated Zen Buddhism to the hinterland of Tubo through the Hexi Corridor.

关 键 词：吐蕃 铜钟 形制 源流 

分 类 号：K876.41[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]