核设施现场新型呼吸防护全面罩设计  

Design of a new full-face respiratory protection mask for on-site use at nuclear facilities

作　　者：孙岩松 韩毅[1] 李国栋[1] 曾进忠 刘杰 杜长斌 池晓淼 陈志伟 姬俊杰 曹勤剑[1] SUN Yansong;HAN Yi;LI Guodong;ZENG Jinzhong;LIU Jie;DU Changbin;CHI Xiaomiao;CHEN Zhiwei;JI Junjie;CAO Qinjian(China Institute for radiation proctection,Taiyuan 030006 China;CNNP Nuclear Power Operations Management Co.,Ltd.,Jiaxing 314300 China;The First Branch of CNNC 404 Co.,Ltd.,Jiayuguan 732500 China)

机构地区：[1]中国辐射防护研究院,山西太原030006 [2]中核核电运行管理有限公司,浙江嘉兴314300 [3]中核四〇四有限公司第一分公司,甘肃嘉峪关732500

出　　处：《中国辐射卫生》2024年第6期642-648,685,共8页Chinese Journal of Radiological Health

摘　　要：目的 旨在开发一种新型核设施现场呼吸防护全面罩,以增强传声功能并改善面部适应性。方法 结合现场实际需求反馈,采用有限元仿真及人体工效学分析设计方法,重点针对全面罩传声单元及重要核设施现场操作工人面部特征进行了研究,并基于研究结果设计了新型呼吸防护全面罩结构。结果 优化设计得到的被动式薄膜传声单元结构可显著改善传声效果,相比于同等厚度的薄板单元对照组,平均声传递损失降低了70%左右;现有面部特征分栏标准对重要核设施现场工作人群面部特征覆盖率和分栏均匀性不足,本研究基于测量数据提出的专用分栏总覆盖率为98.5%,且样本在每个分栏区域内的落点分布均匀性好,可以有效起到全面罩结构参数改型设计研究指导作用;相比于当前现场使用的国外产品,本研究中所设计的新型全面罩结构具有良好的密合性,结构设计安全可靠,可实现清洗去污复用。结论 本研究结果对核设施现场呼吸防护全面罩的改进优化和高质量国产化发展具有重要指导意义。Objective Developing a new type of full-face respiratory protective mask for nuclear facility sites to enhance the sound transmission function and improve the facial adaptability.Methods Combined with feedback from on-site practical needs,this study utilized finite element simulation and ergonomic design methods to investigate the voice transmission units of full-face masks and the facial features of workers at key nuclear facilities.Based on the research results,a new fullface respiratory protection mask structure was designed.Results The optimized structure of passive thin film voice transmission unit significantly enhanced voice transmission efficiency,reducing average voice transmission loss by approximately 70%compared to the control group using thin plate units of equivalent thickness.The existing facial feature test panels insufficiently cover and unevenly classify the facial features of workers at key nuclear facilities.In this study,a specialized test panel based on measurement data achieved a total coverage of 98.5%with high distribution uniformity within each class,providing effective guidance for redesigning full-face mask structural parameters.In comparison to foreign products currently utilized in nuclear facilities,the newly designed full-face mask structure exhibited excellent tightness and structural safety and reliability,and can be cleaned,decontaminated,and reused.Conclusion The results of this study provide significant guidance for improving and optimizing full-face respiratory protection mask used at nuclear facilities,as well as promoting domestic production of high-quality full-face respiratory protection masks.

关 键 词：全面罩 被动式薄膜传声单元 声传递损失 面部特征分栏 人体工效学 

分 类 号：TL75[核科学技术—辐射防护及环境保护]