嘉峪关市非铀矿山高氡暴露矿工职业健康资料分析  

Analysis of occupational health data of miners with high radon exposure in non-uranium mines in Jiayuguan,China

作　　者：王彩环[1] 刘军[2] WANG Caihuan;LIU Jun(Jiayuguan Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Jiayuguan 735100 China;Jiayuguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital,Jiayuguan 735100 China)

机构地区：[1]嘉峪关市疾病预防控制中心,甘肃嘉峪关735100 [2]嘉峪关市妇幼保健院,甘肃嘉峪关735100

出　　处：《中国辐射卫生》2024年第6期699-705,共7页Chinese Journal of Radiological Health

基　　金：嘉峪关市重点研发计划(23-B17)。

摘　　要：目的 研究嘉峪关市非铀矿山高氡暴露对矿工职业健康的影响。方法 选取2020—2022年在定点职业病体检医院进行职业健康体检的非铀矿山高氡暴露矿工为暴露组(167人),同期无氡暴露史的人群为对照组(134人)。收集两组的健康体检数据,并进行统计分析。结果 暴露组人群中,眼科检查异常率、心电图异常率、微核检验异常率、染色体畸变率、肺部小结节检出率、肝功能异常率、白细胞异常率分别为1.20%、4.79%、0%、0.60%、37.13%、43.71%、16.77%。其中暴露组的肺部小结节检出率和白细胞异常率显著高于对照组(P <0.05),且暴露组人群中,肺部小结节检出率随着工龄的增加而增加(P <0.05),在不同工种中,内燃检修工、充填工、运矿工的肺部小结节检出率较高(P <0.05);肝功能异常率随着年龄的增长而增加(P <0.05);白细胞异常率随着工龄的增加而升高(P <0.05)。结论 氡暴露对非铀矿山矿工的健康具有不利影响,主要表现为肺部小结节检出率和白细胞异常率的上升,需针对此采取预防措施以保护矿工的身体健康。Objective To study the impact of high radon exposure in non-uranium mines on the occupational health of miners in Jiayuguan,China.Methods Miners with high radon exposure in non-uranium mines who underwent occupational health examinations at the designated occupational disease specialist hospitals in 2020-2022 were selected as the exposure group(167),and people with no history of radon exposure during the same period were selected as the control group(134).The health examination data of the two groups were collected for statistical analysis.Results In the exposed group,the rates of ophthalmologic examination abnormality,electrocardiogram abnormality,micronucleus test abnormality,chromosomal aberration,pulmonary nodule detection,liver function abnormality,and leukocyte abnormality were 1.20%,4.79%,0%,0.60%,37.13%,43.71%,and 16.77%,respectively.The detection rates of pulmonary nodules and leukocyte abnormalities in the exposed group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).The detection rate of pulmonary nodules increased with working age in the exposed group(P<0.05).Among different types of work,the detection rates of pulmonary nodules were relatively high in internal combustion overhaul workers,filling workers,and ore carriers(P<0.05).The rate of liver function abnormalities increased with age(P<0.05).The rate of leukocyte abnormalities increased with the increase in working age(P<0.05).Conclusion Radon exposure has a detrimental effect on the health of nonuranium mine workers,which is mainly manifested by increased detection rates of pulmonary nodules and leukocyte abnormalities.Targeted preventive measures need to be taken to protect the health of miners.

关 键 词：氡暴露 矿工 职业健康 非铀矿山 嘉峪关市 

分 类 号：X591[环境科学与工程—环境工程]