三峡水库年内蓄水水位变动气候效应的数值模拟  

Numerical Simulation of Climate Effects on Annual Water Level Fluctuations in the Three Gorges Reservoir

作　　者：艾泽 陈鲜艳[2] 常蕊 张强[2] 李威[2] AI Ze;CHEN Xianyan;CHANG Rui;ZHANG Qiang;LI Wei(Hubei Meteorological Service Center,Wuhan 430205;National Climate Center,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]湖北省气象服务中心,武汉430205 [2]国家气候中心,北京100081

出　　处：《气候与环境研究》2025年第1期15-23,共9页Climatic and Environmental Research

基　　金：水利部三峡局地气候监测项目SK2023019;中国长江三峡集团有限公司项目07799279。

摘　　要：利用WRF中尺度数值模式,选取了2011年三峡水库蓄水高水位期和2022年三峡地区高温伏旱低水位汛期两个典型气候年份的不同蓄水时段,通过改变水位高度设计了两组数值试验,探究了三峡水库动态运行的水位高度变化对库区气候的影响情况。结果表明:1)三峡水库蓄水运行后,模式模拟的库区气候要素均有一定程度的改变,无论是在低水位的汛期还是高水位的蓄水期,水库蓄水水体加宽和水位抬升对气温、风、相对湿度和降水等要素均产生了局地性的影响,但不同水位高度产生的影响范围和幅度不同。2)气温在水体附近表现为降低特征、相对湿度和风速表现出增大特征,要素的变化范围主要集中在水体附近,水库蓄水对距离水域远地方的相应气象要素基本无影响。3)降水事件变化较为复杂,库区范围内的降水以略有增加为主,但在汛期时段引起库区降水的因素复杂,地形地貌、空气层结和水汽大小均会对山区降水产生重要影响。Using the weather research and forecasting model(WRF),two typical climate years were selected to study different water storage periods of the Three Gorges Reservoir,that is the high water level period in 2011 and the high temperature and low water level in 2022.Two sets of numerical experiments were designed to investigate the possible impact of water-level changes during the dynamic operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir on the climate of the reservoir area.The results indicate the following:1)The WRF model simulations show that climate elements in the reservoir area change to a certain extent.During both low and high water level storage periods,the widening and rising of the reservoir’s water body locally affect climate variables such as temperature,wind,relative humidity,and precipitation.However,the scope and magnitude of these changes vary with varying water levels.2)Near the water body,temperature decreases while relative humidity and wind speeds increase.These variations are mainly concentrated near the reservoir,with minimal impact on corresponding meteorological elements far from the water body.3)Changes in precipitation within the reservoir area are relatively complex,showing a slight increase.Factors contributing to increased precipitation during the flood season include terrain,air stratification,and water vapor content,which all have important impacts on precipitation in mountainous areas.

关 键 词：三峡水库 蓄水水位 气候效应 数值模拟 

分 类 号：P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]