基于计算流体力学的小区风环境与居民活动舒适度研究  

Research on Community-Scale Wind Environment and Comfort Level Based on Computational Fluid Dynamics

作　　者：汤亦豪 刘臻婧 粟志钢 段丽洁[2,3] 张剑明 吴贤云[2] TANG Yihao;LIU Zhenjing;SU Zhigang;DUAN Lijie;ZHANG Jianming;WU Xianyun(Hunan Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Reduction,Changsha 410118;Climate Centre of Hunan Province,China Meteorological Administration,Changsha 410118;Dongting Lake National Climatic Observatory,China Meteorological Administration,Yueyang,Hunan Province 414000;Key Laboratory of High Impact Weather(Special),China Meteorological Administration,Changsha 410118)

机构地区：[1]气象防灾减灾湖南省重点实验室,长沙410118 [2]湖南省气候中心,长沙410118 [3]洞庭湖国家气候观象台,湖南岳阳414000 [4]中国气象局高影响天气(专项)重点开放实验室,长沙410118

出　　处：《气候与环境研究》2025年第1期116-128,共13页Climatic and Environmental Research

基　　金：中国气象局创新发展专项CXFZ2024Q002;中国气象局气象能力提升联合研究专项24NLTSQ020。

摘　　要：以湖南省湘乡市某住宅小区为例,结合小区精细化建筑模型与湘乡国家气象站的常年观测资料,基于有限体积法的计算流体力学方法对小区的风环境展开仿真计算,形成了精细化风场结果,风速比的模拟结果与实地观测有一致的线性关系,表明模型能反映小区风场特征。文末考虑冬季和夏季两种典型工况,从风速、风适宜性、换气率3个方面定量化评价小区风环境。结果表明:小区人行高度冬季平均风速为0.80 m/s,夏季平均风速为1.11 m/s,小区内最大风速出现在冬季,达到3.34 m/s。冬季夜间温度较低导致生理等效温度较低,不适宜在小区静坐,但可以在室外进行行走、运动类活动;夏季小区日间受到太阳辐射等影响,生理等效温度较高导致不适宜在小区内进行行走、运动类活动;夜间适宜风速区间较大,风速适宜居民活动。在风压差方面,冬季小区建筑表面风压差为1.75 Pa,保证了室内通风要求;小区内冬夏两季换气率较高,有利于洁净空气进入小区与污染物扩散。Combining the architectural model of the study site,a residential compound in Xiangxiang,Hunan Province with long-term observation data from the Xiangxiang weather station,the computational fluid dynamics method is employed to simulate the wind environment in the Xiangxiang residential compound.The wind speed ratios of the simulation and field observations demonstrate a consistent linear relationship,indicating the model’s ability to represent this residential compound’s wind characteristics.In addition,this study quantitatively evaluates the residential wind environment of the compound,considering both winter and summer scenarios.The results show that the average wind speed at the pedestrian level in winter and summer is 0.80 and 1.11 m/s,respectively.The maximum wind speed in winter is 3.34 m/s.Because of the lower nighttime temperatures in winter,the Physiological Equivalent Temperature(PET)is low;therefore,while this PET is unsuitable for sitting still in the residential area,it is suitable for walking and engaging in sports activities outdoors.In summer,due to the influence of solar radiation,PET is higher,which makes it unsuitable for residents to walk and engage in sports activities inside the residential area;however,there is a wider range of suitable wind speeds at night,making it suitable for residents to engage in physical activities.Regarding the wind pressure difference,the surface wind pressure difference of the buildings in the residential compound in winter is 1.75 Pa,which ensures appropriate indoor ventilation requirements.The ventilation rates in the residential area in winter and summer are relatively high,ensuring that clean air enters the residential area,dispersing pollutants,and maintaining satisfactory air quality levels.

关 键 词：计算流体力学(CFD) 风环境 微气候 

分 类 号：P463.3[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]