大豆种质资源时序性冠层覆盖度鉴定评价及优异种质筛选  

Identification and Evaluation of Time-series Canopy Cover of Soybean Germplasm Resources and Screening of Elite Germplasm

作　　者：王琦 白东 张皓 田宇 车荧璞 李进冬 郑海洋 金秀良 李英慧 邱丽娟[2] WANG Qi;BAI Dong;ZHANG Hao;TIAN Yu;CHE Yingpu;LI Jindong;ZHENG Haiyang;JIN Xiuliang;LI Yinghui;QIU Lijuan(College of Agriculture,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030;State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization,Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学农学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]作物基因资源与育种国家重点实验室/农作物基因资源与遗传改良国家重大科学工程/中国农业科学院作物科学研究所粮食作物遗传资源评价与利用重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2025年第2期237-248,共12页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1201600)。

摘　　要：农作物种质资源是新品种培育的物质基础,高通量表型分析技术的发展为优异种质的挖掘与利用提供了崭新的视角。本研究利用无人机收集了1129份大豆种质的时序性冠层覆盖度数据,对最大冠层覆盖度和封垄速度这两个分属空间维度和时间维度的性状进行了统计分析,旨在揭示不同生态区来源的种质资源在田间的动态生长特征和差异。结果表明,在江西省南昌种植环境下,1129份大豆种质资源的最大冠层覆盖度和封垄速度具有丰富的表型多样性,变异系数分别为16.09%和49.35%。不同结荚习性和生态区的种质在冠层覆盖度和封垄速度上表现不同,有限结荚习性的种质具有更高的冠层覆盖度和更快的封垄速度,来自南方生态区的大豆种质比来自其他生态区的大豆种质具有更高的冠层覆盖度和更快的封垄速度。最终筛选出最大冠层覆盖度在90%以上且封垄速度在0.3 d^(-1)以上的优异种质21份。这些种质适合南方地区种植,在生长发育前期能够快速封垄,有效抑制杂草生长,从而降低田间管理成本,并且在生育前期能够快速积累较多生物量,从而在生育后期实现高产。研究结果为培育具有优异特性的高产大豆新品种提供材料基础,对于大豆生产具有重要意义。Crop germplasm resources serve as the foundational material for the development of new varieties.Advances in high-throughput phenotyping technology offer a new perspective for the exploration and utilization of superior germplasm.In this study,the time-series canopy coverage data from 1129 soybean germplasms,collected by unmanned air vehicles,along with two spatial and temporal traits,max canopy coverage(MaxCC)and canopy cover increase speed(CCSpeed),were statistically analyzed.This analysis aimed to reveal the dynamic growth characteristics and variations of germplasm resources from different ecological regions in the field.The results showed that under the planting environments of Nanchang,Jiangxi province,the MaxCC and CCSpeed of these germplasm resources exhibited substantial phenotypic diversity,with variation coefficients of 16.09%and 49.35%,respectively.Germplasms with distinct growth habits and ecological origin varied in their MaxCC and CCSpeed;those with a determinate stem growth habit showed faster CCSpeed and a higher MaxCC.Soybean germplasms from southern ecological regions demonstrated higher MaxCC and faster CCSpeed compared from other regions.Twenty-one elite germplasms with MaxCC above 90%and the CCSpeed above 0.3 d-1 were selected.These germplasms are suitable for planting in the southern region due to their early canopy closure,which can mitigate weed pressure,thus reducing field management costs.Rapid accumulation of biomass during the early growth stage can lead to higher yields in later stages.These findings provide a material basis for the breeding of new high-yielding soybean varieties with desirable characteristics and hold significant implications for soybean production.

关 键 词：大豆 种质资源 时序性 最大冠层覆盖度 封垄速度 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]