曾侯乙墓出土青铜礼器的铸铭工艺研究  

The Study of Inscription Casting Techniques on the Bronze Ritual Vessels Unearthed from the Tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng

作　　者：郑港繁 李洋[1] 江旭东[2] 李齐 Zheng Gangfan;Li Yang;Jiang Xudong;Li Qi

机构地区：[1]武汉大学历史学院,武汉430072 [2]湖北省博物馆,武汉430077

出　　处：《中国国家博物馆馆刊》2024年第12期89-99,共11页Journal of National Museum of China

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目(项目批准号:17CKG020);国家社科基金一般项目(项目批准号:19BKG042);湖北省博物馆馆级重点项目(课题)(项目批准号:24A01)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文通过显微拍照和X光成像等技术,对曾侯乙墓出土的20件青铜礼器上的铸铭进行了重新研究,发现这些铭文是通过范铸工艺制作而成,主要使用泥条芯塑法,其中有4件器物采用了独立铭文范来制作铭文。青铜礼器上的铭文大部分排列整齐,只有1件器物的铭文排列较为松散,应为没有使用线格进行规范排版所致。通过对铭文的观察,可以总结泥条芯塑法的五个主要特征:笔画较粗;笔画部分缺失;铭文底部较为平整;铭文内壁有凹陷;铭文中残留有范土。在泥条芯塑法特征的基础上,考察西周时期长篇铭文的制作方式,几乎罕见模作铭文,这和范作铭文无需考虑模上作铭和翻范脱模的工序有关,进一步说明青铜器长篇铭文的制作工艺和青铜器本身的铸造工艺在逻辑上存在一定的差异。This paper re-examines the casting inscriptions on 20 bronze ritual vessels unearthed from the tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng,utilizing micro-photography and X-ray imaging.These inscriptions were generally neatly arranged,with only one vessel displaying loosely arranged inscriptions,likely due to the absence of standardized grid lines for alignment.Additionally,four vessels were found to have inscriptions produced using separate inscription molds.The study identifies five key characteristics of the clay core-making method:thick strokes,incomplete strokes,flat inscription bottoms,concave inner surfaces,and residual mold material in the inscriptions.Based on these characteristics,this paper examines the production methods of long inscriptions during the Western Zhou period.Mold inscriptions are rarely found,which may be attributed to the fact that they do not require the processes of inscribing on the mold or removing the mold.This distinction further indicates a logical separation between the production techniques of long inscriptions and the casting techniques of the bronze vessels themselves.

关 键 词：铸铭工艺 范作铭文 模作铭文 泥条芯塑 

分 类 号：K87[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]