比较政策研究视野下全球人工智能治理模式的差异、共识与改革启示  

Comparative Policy Research on the Differences,Consensus,and Reform Implications of Global AI Governance

作　　者：陈少威 杨涛 贾开 Chen Shaowei;Yang Tao;Jia Kai(School of Public Affairs,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005;Party School of the Guangzhou Committee of C.P.C.,Guangzhou 510070;School of International and Public Affairs,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学公共事务学院,厦门361005 [2]广州市委党校政法教研部,广州510070 [3]上海交通大学国际关系与公共事务学院,上海200240

出　　处：《中国行政管理》2024年第12期15-24,共10页Chinese Public Administration

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“‘公地’视角下全球数字治理合作或竞争的影响因素研究”(编号:23BGL244);国家社科基金青年项目:“新技术变革背景下工会参与劳动关系治理研究”(编号:20CSH082);教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“科学构建数据治理体系研究”(编号:21JZD036)。

摘　　要：人工智能治理正在成为全球各国普遍关注的重要议题,但各国差异化的治理努力如何能够相互促进并最终有利于推动人工智能全球治理进程,仍然是当前政策研究的难点。本文基于比较政策研究视角,沿袭政策过程理论的分析框架,从“问题界定-政策机制-政策执行”三个维度对欧盟、加拿大、英国、美国的人工智能治理政策进行较系统的对比分析。研究发现,各主要国家在问题界定方面体现出了垂直领域监管或者一般风险分类这两种治理思路的差别,政策机制方面体现了重视分类治理、敏捷治理、协同治理的共性特征,政策执行方面则体现了在政府监督、自监督、第三方监督方面的差异化侧重。基于比较政策分析,本文进一步对中国未来人工智能治理改革与完善提出了建议。Artificial intelligence governance is becoming an important issue of general concern to countries around the world.However,how the differentiated governance efforts of various countries can promote each other and ultimately benefit the global governance process of artificial intelligence remains a challenging topic in the current policy research.This paper,from the perspective of comparative policy research and following the analytical framework of policy process theory,conducts a systematic comparative analysis of AI governance policies in the EU,Canada,the UK,and the US across three dimensions,i.e.,problem definition,policy mechanisms,and policy implementation.The study finds that the major countries differ in problem definition,showing the difference between the two governance ideas of vertical regulation or general risk classification in problem definition.In terms of policy mechanisms,there is a common emphasis on categorized governance,agile governance,and collaborative governance.Regarding policy implementation,differences are reflected in the focus on government supervision,self-supervision,and third-party supervision.Based on the comparative policy analysis,this paper further proposes suggestions for China's future reform and improvement of AI governance from three corresponding aspects.

关 键 词：人工智能治理 治理模式 比较政策 

分 类 号：D035[政治法律—政治学]