马克思劳动价值论的新探索与若干理论问题简析——基于绝对价值与相对价值相统一的视角  

A New Exploration of Marx's Labor Theory of Value and Brief Analysis of Some Theoretical Problems——Based on the Unified Perspective of Absolute Value and Relative Value

作　　者：严金强[1] 胡铖 YAN Jinqiang;HU Cheng(School of Economics,Shanghai University of Finance and Economics,Shanghai,China;School of Marxism,Fudan University,Shanghai,China)

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学经济学院 [2]复旦大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《政治经济学季刊》2024年第3期80-97,共18页Political Economy Quarterly

摘　　要：马克思劳动价值论是通过批判和创新古典经济学的劳动价值论创立的,与新古典经济学的均衡价值论和新剑桥学派的实物价值论并称为现代经济学的三大价值理论体系。与西方经济学价值理论只是相对价值论不同,马克思劳动价值论是绝对价值论和相对价值论的统一,这是马克思劳动价值论的鲜明特征和理论优势。绝对价值强调了价值实体是抽象劳动,规定了价值的绝对量由生产商品的劳动时间决定;相对价值强调了价值形式是交换价值,规定了价值的相对量由商品之间的交换比例确定。从绝对价值和相对价值相统一的视角出发理解劳动价值论,有助于回应和解决长期以来围绕马克思劳动价值论争论的若干前沿理论问题,推动劳动价值论的创新发展并增强其现实解释力。Marx's labor theory of value is established through critical analysis and innovation of the labor theory of value in classical economics.It is recognized as one of the three value theory systems in modern economics,alongside the equilibrium value theory of neoclassical economics and the physical value theory of the New Cambridge school.Different from Western economic theories that focus solely on relative value,Marx's labor value theory combines both absolute value theory and relative value theory,which is the distinctive characteristic and theoretical advantage in Marx's labor theory of value.On the one hand,absolute value emphasizes that abstract labor constitutes the entity of value,determining its absolute quantity based on the labor time required for commodity production.On the other hand,relative value highlights exchange value as the form of value representing commodities'worth,with their relative amounts determined by exchange proportions.Understanding labor theory of value from a perspective that unifies both absolute value and relative value is helpful to respond to and address some frontier theoretical problems long debated surround Marx's labor theory of value.It promotes the innovative development of labor theory of value and enhance its practical explanatory power.

关 键 词：劳动价值论 绝对价值 相对价值 转形问题 还原系数 

分 类 号：F01[经济管理—政治经济学]