外周神经轴突损伤中沃勒变性的细胞生物学机制  

Cellular biomechanisms of Wallerian degeneration in peripheral nerve axon injury

作　　者：沙拉依丁·艾尔西丁 艾克拜尔江·艾赛提 库提鲁克·守克尔 古丽米热·依力哈木 艾克热木江·木合热木[1,2] Shalayiding·Aierxiding;Aikebaierjiang·Aisaiti;Kutiluke·Shoukeer;Gulimire·Yilihamu;Aikeremujiang·Muheremu(Department of Orthopedics,The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University,Urumqi 830002,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China;Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine,The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University,Urumqi 830002,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China;The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University,Urumqi 830054,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆医科大学第六附属医院,骨科,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市830002 [2]新疆医科大学第六附属医院,骨科再生医学重点实验室,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市830002 [3]新疆医科大学第一附属医院,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市830054

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究》2025年第26期5688-5694,共7页Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金面上项目(2022D01C330),项目负责人:艾克热木江·木合热木;国家自然科学基金面上项目(82374487),项目负责人:艾克热木江·木合热木;国家自然科学基金地区项目(82260252),项目负责人:艾克热木江·木合热木;新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金面上项目(2022D01C331),项目参与人:艾克热木江·木合热木;省部共建中亚高发病成因与防治国家重点实验室开放课题面上项目(SKL-HIDCA-2022-16),项目负责人:艾克热木江·木合热木;新疆医科大学重点科研项目(XYD2024ZX09),项目负责人:艾克热木江·木合热木;“天池英才”引进计划青年博士项目,项目负责人:艾克热木江·木合热木。

摘　　要：背景:外周神经系统的成功再生依赖于损伤的神经元轴突和非神经元细胞,包括施万细胞和免疫细胞。促进或限制轴突再生的细胞过程对改善外周神经损伤后的预后具有指导意义。目的:综述沃勒变性过程中周围神经轴突退化与再生的机制及最新治疗进展。方法:利用计算机检索Web of Science核心数据库、万方数据库和中国知网2004-2024年期间发表的相关文献。中文检索词为“周围神经,外周神经,轴突损伤,沃勒氏变性,华勒氏变性,瓦勒变性,许旺细胞,雪旺细胞,施万细胞”,英文检索词为“peripheral nerve injury,axoninjury,axondegeneration,Walleriandegeneration,cells,mechanism”。最终对108篇文献展开综述。结果与结论:沃勒变性是一种动态的细胞过程,在细胞和分子水平上受到严格的调控。通过揭示沃勒变性的主要作用和细胞分子生物学机制,为理解沃勒变性和沃勒样变性提供一个有用的框架,并为开发新的治疗策略奠定基础,以治疗神经损伤和神经退行性疾病的轴突变性。BACKGROUND:Successful regeneration of the peripheral nervous system relies on the damaged neuronal axons and non-neuronal cells,including Schwann cells and immune cells.The cellular processes that promote or limit axonal regeneration will be instructive in improving prognosis after peripheral nerve injury.OBJECTIVE:To review the mechanisms and recent therapeutic advances in peripheral nerve axonal degeneration and regeneration during Wallerian degeneration.METHODS:Utilizing computer-based searches,relevant articles published between 2004 and 2024 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection,WanFang Database,and CNKI Database.The search terms included“peripheral nerve injury,axon injury,axon degeneration,Wallerian degeneration,cells,mechanism”in English and Chinese.Finally,108 articles were included for review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Wallerian degeneration is a dynamic cellular process that is tightly regulated at the cellular and molecular levels.By unravelling the major roles and cellular molecular biological basis of Wallerian degeneration,it provides a useful framework for understanding Wallerian and Wallerian-like degeneration and lays the foundation for developing new therapeutic strategies to treat peripheral nerve injuries and neurodegenerative diseases.

关 键 词：周围神经 沃勒变性 轴突损伤 轴突再生 施万细胞 髓鞘 细胞生物学 机制 综述 

分 类 号：R459.9[医药卫生—治疗学] R318[医药卫生—临床医学] R722.144