海南杧果主产区果园土壤pH值和有机质分布特征及其与土壤养分的关系  

Distribution Characteristics of Soil pH Value and Organic Matter and Their Relationship with Soil Nutrients in Mango Orchards of Hainan's Main Mango Producing Areas

作　　者：冯焕德[1] 朱敏[1,2] 汪秀华 陈业渊 FENG Huande;ZHU Min;WANG Xiuhua;CHEN Yeyuan(Institute of Tropical Crops Genetic Resources,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou 571000,Hainan;Sanya Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Sanya 572000,Hainan)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海南海口571000 [2]中国热带农业科学院三亚研究院,海南三亚572000

出　　处：《中国热带农业》2025年第1期44-53,共10页China Tropical Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题“特色水果绿色高效生产模式创建与推广”(No.2021YFD1600805);海南省自然科学基金“芒果园有机肥替代化肥对土壤粒径结构与养分的影响”(321MS089)。

摘　　要：为探明海南杧果主产区果园土壤现状并为杧果园土壤施肥管理提供依据,通过对71个有代表性的果园土样进行采集,分析主产区土壤pH值和有机质分布特征及其与土壤养分的关系。结果表明:该产区0~20cm土层中土壤pH值平均为5.76,63.38%的杧果园土壤pH值处于适宜杧果生长的5.50~7.50范围内,36.62%的杧果园土壤pH值低于5.50,20~40cm土层中最适宜杧果生长的5.50~7.50的土壤样本数占总样本数的53.53%,46.48%的杧果园土壤pH值低于5.50;0~20cm土层中土壤有机质含量平均值为14.15g/kg,有59.28%的果园有机质低于15.00g/kg,20~40cm土层中土壤有机质含量平均值为10.70g/kg,有78.87%的果园有机质低于15.00g/kg。0~20cm土层中土壤有机质和有效铜呈极显著正相关,与有效锌呈显著正相关,土壤pH值与交换性钙呈显著正相关,与有效铁含量呈显著负相关;20~40cm土层中土壤有机质与速效磷呈显著正相关,与交换性钙成显著负相关,土壤pH值与交换性钙呈极显著正相关,与有效铁呈显著负相关。因此,防止土壤进一步酸化和提升有机质水平是海南杧果主产区实现果业可持续发展的紧迫任务。In order to find out the current situation of mango orchard soil in Hainan Province and provide the basis for the management of soil fertilization mango orchards,the project team collected 71 representative soil samples from mango orchards in Hainan Province,and the distribution characteristics of soil pH value and organic matter and their relationship with soil nutrients were analyzed.The results showed that the average soil pH value in 0-20 cm soil layer was 5.76,of which 63.38%of mango orchards had soil pH values within the range of 5.50-7.50,which was suitable for mango growth,and 36.62%of mango orchards had soil pH values below 5.50.The soil samples of soil pH values within 5.50-7.50 in the 20-40 cm soil layer were 53.53%of the total samples,and 46.48%of the mango orchards had soil pH values below 5.50.The average content of soil organic matter in 0-20 cm soil layer was 14.15 g/kg,and 59.28%of orchards had organic matter below 15.00 g/kg.The average content of soil organic matter in 20-40 cm soil layer was 10.70 g/kg,and 78.87%of orchards had organic matter below 15.00 g/kg.In 0-20 cm soil layer,soil organic matter had a extremely positively significant correlation with available copper,and was significantly positively correlated with available zinc;and the soil pH value was significantly positively correlated with exchangeable calcium and significantly negatively correlated with available iron content.The soil organic matter in the 20-40 cm soil layer was significantly positively correlated with available phosphorus and significantly negatively correlated with exchangeable calcium;and the soil pH value was extremely significantly positively correlated with exchangeable calcium,and significantly negatively correlated with available iron.Therefore,it showed it is an urgent task to prevent further soil acidification and improve organic matter level to achieve sustainable development of mango production in Hainan's main mango producing areas.

关 键 词：海南 杧果主产区 土壤PH值 有机质 分布特征 土壤养分 相关性 

分 类 号：S15[农业科学—土壤学]