2023年高温干旱对百色杧果生长发育的影响  

Influence of Hot and Dry Weather on the Growth and Development of Baise Mango in 2023

作　　者：吴斌娥 黄战威 左兴军 汪志涛 韦金海[3] 吴然 王木林 王皆胜 杨振荣 陆英 WU Bin'e;HUANG Zhanwei;ZUO Xingjun;WANG Zhitao;WEI Jinhai;WU Ran;WANG Mulin;WANG Jiesheng;YANG Zhenrong;LU Ying(Baise Mango Research Center,Baise 533000,Guangxi;Baise Corn Research Institute,Baise 533000,Guangxi;Baise Meteorological Bureau,Baise 533000,Guangxi)

机构地区：[1]百色市芒果研究中心,广西百色533000 [2]百色市玉米研究所,广西百色533000 [3]百色市气象局,广西百色533000

出　　处：《中国热带农业》2025年第1期74-81,共8页China Tropical Agriculture

基　　金：桂西北丘陵山地绿色高效种养技术集成与示范项目基金项目(2022YFD1100106);百色芒果花期冷、热害气象指标及防御对策研究项目(百科20222035);百色芒果园土壤改良技术研究与应用项目(百科20232058)。

摘　　要：广西壮族自治区百色市2023年1—7月出现罕见的高温干旱天气。通过对百色主栽杧果品种花果期农艺和果实品质性状以及病虫害发生情况等进行观测和调查分析发现:高温干旱天气导致杧果各物候期缩短,果实成熟期提前,果实单果重及硬度降低,可溶性固形物含量升高;花期气温是影响杧果产量的最重要气象因素,花期温暖少雨能提高杧果的正常果比率,促进产量提升;高温干旱天气导致细菌性和真菌性病害以及虫害发生程度减轻,但日灼和缺钙等生理性病害发生程度加重。研究为今后百色杧果产业和生产管理者采取针对性措施应对高温干旱天气提供科学依据及参考。Baise City in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region experienced a rare hot and dry weather from January to July in 2023.In this paper,agronomic and fruit quality characters as well as the occurrence of diseases and pests of main varieties of mangos in Baise were observed and investigated.It was found that hot and dry weather shortened the phenological period of mango,advanced the fruit maturity,decreased the single fruit weight and hardness,and improved the soluble solid content.The temperature in flowering period was the most important meteorological factor affecting the yield of mango.Warm weather and less rain in flowering period could increase the normal fruit ratio,which increased the average yield.Although hot and dry weather reduced the bacterial and fungal diseases and insect pests,it aggravated the occurrence of physiological dieseases caused by sunburn and calcium deficiency.The research provided scientific basis and reference for production managers taking specific measures to respond to hot and dry weather in the future for Baise mango industry.

关 键 词：高温干旱 百色杧果 生长发育 影响 

分 类 号：S667.7[农业科学—果树学] S423[农业科学—园艺学]