橡胶——益智复合生态栽培模式的发展现状及发展建议  

Development Status and Suggestions of Rubber-Alpinia oxyphylla Compound Ecological Cultivation Pattern

作　　者：刘家男 杨川[1] 祁栋灵[1] 吴志祥[1] 陈仁强 张盈盈[1] 符庆茂 LIU Jianan;YANG Chuan;QI Dongling;WU Zhixiang;CHEN Renqiang;ZHANG Yingying;FU Qingmao(Rubber Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Danzhou Investigation&Experiment Station of Tropical Crops,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Field Science Observation and Research Station of Tropical Agricultural Ecosystems of Danzhou,Danzhou 571737,Hainan;School of Ecology,Hainan Unverisity,Danzhou 571737,Hainan;Agricultural Technology Research and Extension Center of Li and Miao Autonomous County,Qiongzhong 572923,Hainan)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所/农业农村部儋州热带作物科学观测实验站/海南儋州热带农业生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,海南儋州571737 [2]海南大学生态学院,海南儋州571737 [3]琼中黎族苗族自治县农业技术研究推广中心,海南琼中572923

出　　处：《中国热带农业》2025年第1期82-88,共7页China Tropical Agriculture

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金面上项目(323MS076);国家天然橡胶产业技术体系建设专项项目(CARS-33-ZP3)。

摘　　要：橡胶园行间具有丰富的生态、生物及土地资源,其有效利用可提高橡胶园土地利用率、土地生产力和抗风险能力。橡胶农林复合模式有效实现了橡胶园“一地、双收、多效”,并在稳定保障橡胶园面积规模,增加橡胶园种植经营者的经济收入,提高农户可持续生计、推进乡村振兴上发挥了积极作用。研究系统总结了橡胶—益智复合生态栽培模式的发展现状和益智产品开发前景,深入分析了其经济、社会和生态效益,梳理并指出了该模式存在益智适宜荫蔽度仍不明确、益智成花成果和落花落果机制有待揭示、物种组成种间关系仍不清楚的问题,提出了未来重点发展方向,如应围绕倡导橡胶园林下规范化种植益智、加强益智在橡胶园里成花成果及落花落果的机制研究、系统开展该模式的多功能评价和深入开展物种组成种间关系研究,尤其是水分养分循环、反馈与调控研究等。There are rich ecological,biological and land resources in the rows of the rubber plantations,whose effective utilization improves the land utilization rate,land productivity and risk resistance of the rubber plantation,realizes the"the Same Land,Double Harvest and Multiple Benefits"of the rubber plantations,and stably guarantees the area of the rubber plantations.It also has made a positive contribution to increasing the economic income of rubber plantation operators,improving the sustainable livelihood of farmers,and promoting rural revitalization.This research systematically summarized the development status of the pattern of rubber-Arpinia oxyphylla intercropping and the development of Alpinia oxyphylla products.It also conducted an in-depth analysis of the economic,social and ecological benefits of rubber-Alpinia oxyphylla intercropping model,as well as pointing out the problems such as the suitable shade degree of Alpinia oxyphylla is still unclear,the mechanism of flowering and fruiting of Alpinia oxyphylla and the drop of flowers and fruits needs to be revealed,and the species'composition and interspecific relationships of the ecological cultivation model of the pattern are still unclear.On the basis of this,it proposed future key development directions,such as advocating standardized planting of Alpinia oxyphylla under rubber trees,strengthening the research on the mechanism of flowering and fruit drop of Alpinia oxyphylla in rubber plantations,systematically carrying out multi-functional evaluation research on the compound Alpinia oxyphylla model of rubber plantations,and conducting in-depth research on the interspecific relationships among species composition of the pattern in a compound environment,especially water and nutrient cycles,feedback and regulation.

关 键 词：橡胶树 益智 间作 农林复合生态系统 生态栽培 

分 类 号：F32[经济管理—产业经济]